權力遊戲: 路易斯•卡洛爾《愛麗絲漫遊奇境》中語言的力量

Power Games: Language Power in Lewis Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland

賴彥華(Yen-Hua Lai)

指導教授 ： 羅林

國立中正大學/文學院/外國語文學系/碩士(2015年)

摘要

路易斯•卡洛爾的《愛麗絲漫遊奇境》描述一群居住在奇境的生物利用和愛麗絲玩語言遊戲的方式來操控她。在冒險剛開始時，像愛麗絲這樣才七歲的小女孩還不懂得要如何保護自己。本研究假設愛麗絲身為小孩子，缺乏足夠的語言能力來表達自我以反抗不公正的對待，才會讓這些生物有機會來操弄她。透過文本分析的方式，本研究的目的在檢視愛麗絲如何學習用語言的力量來抵抗不受她歡迎的權力影響。論文第一章回顧了關於權力的理論。權力就如同遊戲一般，是一種人人皆參與的活動。根據傅柯的說法，權力是一種勢必會激發回應的行動，因此反抗是權力遊戲中的重要元素之一。第二章討論源自於生理和社會地位差異的權力。藉由魔藥的協助，愛麗絲體會到體型大小與力量之間的相對關係，她也理解到利用體型優勢來以暴制暴並無法解決任何問題。相反的，她發覺語言才是一種反抗權力的理性方法。第三章分析愛麗絲如何漸漸熟習語言遊戲並且用語言來保護自己。最後，在法庭上，這個女孩展現出極大的勇氣，運用她所學到的文字遊戲方面的知識去對抗國王與皇后，讓他們臉色敗壞、無言以對。第四章在分析與說明語言的力量是來自於其內涵：人的主體性。主體性是判斷自己是否要接受他人影響的標準，而語言則是行使權力和公開表達主體性的工具。在使用「我」這個字的時候特別能彰顯出一個人的主體性，因為「我」是用來區分我的感覺與想法與「你」（非我）的不同之處。此外，主體性也表達了自我做決定的權利。在故事中，也許愛麗絲尚未能完全理解權力遊戲所代表的意義，但作者卡洛爾提供了她一個幽默而且安全的體驗機會，讓這場冒險協助愛麗絲理解權力的問題和發展她的主體性，希望這些學習能保護她未來可以避免受到權力的迫害。

關鍵字

文本分析 ； 主體性 ； 語言 ； 權力 ； 愛麗絲漫遊奇境

並列摘要

In Lewis Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland, some of the Wonderland creatures employ language games to have power over Alice. Alice, a seven-year-old girl, is not sophisticated enough at first to defend herself. Her lack of expression provides chances for those creatures to have power over her for she is unable to resist or protest against these unjust treatments. This study uses textual analysis to investigate how Alice learns to apply language power to resist unwanted power. Chapter One reviews theories of power. Power is a game played by everyone. According to Foucault, power is an action that inevitably evokes reaction. Resistance is therefore an essential component in any power game. Chapter Two discusses the power that comes from advantages in physicality and social status. With the help of magical potions, Alice experiments with the power that changes with her physical size. She then realizes that violence, which is rooted in physical advantage, cannot solve any problem. Instead, language is a more rational means to counteract power influence. In Chapter Three, how Alice gradually masters language games and uses language to defend herself is analyzed. The girl finally shows great courage at the court by applying her knowledge of word games to the King and Queen, turning them white and speechless. Chapter Four discuss how the power of language comes from its content. That is, one’s subjectivity. It is one’s subjectivity that can tell whether another person’s influence is welcome or not. Language is a tool to exercise power and to express one’s subjectivity openly. It is expressed by the word I, which is used to distinguish one’s own feelings and opinions as opposed to you (not I) and to assert one’s right in making one’s own decision. Though Alice may not fully understand the meanings of power games, Carroll at least provides her a chance to experience power in humorous and less threatening ways. Through the adventure, the little girl is expected to understand the problem of power and develop her subjectivity so that she can avoid becoming another victim of power.

並列關鍵字

textual analysis ； subjectivity ； language ； power ； Alice in Wonderland

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