- 學位論文
台灣防制組織犯罪現象與法律規範之研究
The Research on the Phenomenon of Prevention and Suppression of the Organized Crime and Legal Norm in Taiwan
摘要
古希臘哲學家亞里斯多德（Aristotélēs）曾說「人是社會動物」，人類無法離群索居，透過交際及參與各種組織等社會模式，學習社會規範及發展個人生活能力。一群人結合在一起，藉由犯罪之方式來適應社會生活，這樣的群體，社會上大家習慣把他們稱為「黑道幫派」。黑道幫派到底是什麼？美國、日本等國政府如何防制無法被澈底消滅的黑道幫派？於1996年12月11日公布施行之「組織犯罪防制條例」，依內政部警政署刑事警察局統計，警方以組織犯罪防制條例移送的被告，僅約26%以依該法起訴，更僅有約百分之23%經法院判決有罪，而台灣組織犯罪之現況，為何在司法判決結果呈現如此嚴重的「漏斗效應」？我們是否應該重新省思「防制組織犯罪防制條例」的法規設計有何不切實際之處？ 台灣社會以累積財富視為成功人生的單一價值觀下，過度追求經濟發展的同時，許多家庭面臨結構解組及功能失調的問題，學校亦未能擔負應有的教育功能，許多人遂透過犯罪的模式來追求利益。而以組織形態來執行犯罪活動，更易於使犯罪之目的達成，組織性的犯罪現象乃日益猖獗。本論文以實證研究的方式，以質性訪談幫派份子及執法人員的方式，了解我國黑道幫派的犯罪態樣與組織特性。 我國刑法主要繼受德國，德國刑法於第129條、129條a、129條b設有犯罪結社罪之處罰規定，我國刑法第154條亦有犯罪結社罪之規定，然德國於法條規範中設有精緻之除外及減刑規定，自較我國刑法第154條之規定完善。且我國一般幫派組織，並非階層分明、結構嚴謹，大部分的台灣幫派組織是否已達有一定的內部規律，各構成員的意思必須從屬於該結社之特性，實值得再加以探究。因此，本論文以分析當前我國黑道幫派之結構與活動型態，及「組織犯罪防制條例」之施行，於司法實務上，究竟能否有效的解決台灣幫派組織之問題。
並列摘要
“Man is a social being.” Said Aristotle. It means a man cannot live without company. A man learns the norm of society by participating in social activities or organizations to develop individual’s life abilities. What is the underworld gangs? The so called “underworld gangs” usually reflects the combination of groups of people who adapt themselves to the society’s lives by crime commitment. How do the United States and Japan government prevent and suppress the underworld gangs which cannot be thoroughly essentially eliminated? The Organized Crime Prevention Act has been coming into force since 11 December 1996. According to the statistics of C.I.B, the prosecution rate of the accused relating to the organized crime offense and delivered by the police is 26%. Moreover, the guilty verdict rate among the above prosecuted accused merely reaches 23%. Why does the result of adjudication indicate the serious “funneling effect”? Whether should we reconsider the part of impractical normative regulation in the “Organized Crime Prevention Act”? Nowadays, under the system of values what the success equals to one’s wealth, men are excessively chasing after the economic development. Many families are meanwhile facing the problem of deconstruction and dysfunction. Besides, schools failed to fully serve the post for their educational function. Some people seek for their benefit through the mode of crime commitment. However, it’s easier to achieve in the organized form to commit crimes. This research qualitatively interviewed the members of gangs and law enforcement in the way of empirical method to understand the background of gangs’ members, crime aspects as well as characters of crime organizations. Forming a crime association has been stipulated for its punishment by the article 129, 129a and 129b in Germany criminal code. The same provisions are also prescribed in the article 154 of criminal code of the Republic of China. However, the provisions of remission and exclusion has made the Germany’s criminal code more complete than ours. Most of Taiwan’s gangs or syndicates are not well-structured as well as the obvious stratum. It is worth discovering the characters that if they have constituted the requested condition in which members inside are subordinate to the association. Therefore, could this research effectively solve the problem of gangs and crime organization by analyzing the structure and mode of activities of Taiwan’s current underworld gangs through regulation of the article 154 in the criminal code and the Organized Crime Prevention Act?