- 學位論文
越、中南海衝突與臺灣的挑戰
Conflicts between Vietnam and China in South China Sea -Challenge of Taiwan
摘要
南海區域為國際間最有可能爆發衝突的區域，中國於2009年向全球宣告南海「九段線」主張，並在南海抽沙擴島並興建港口、機場，造成衝突擴大及美國軍事介入，南海衝突層次不斷的持續升高，引發各國之間的軍備競賽與國際法上之法律論戰，引發衝突的重點是南海島礁主權歸屬問題。 本研究透過「文獻資料分析法」，蒐集學者專家與政府出版之著作書籍、學術期刊論文、學位論文及最新時事新聞、網路等資料，參與國內學者所舉辦之各項研討會，完成靜態資料的分析，探討衝突問題得知，越南是南海各聲索國具關鍵性地位國家，另在南海的地緣性政治上，各國追求自身利益並爭奪南海資源，在無互信基礎上簽署宣言，無法有效減緩各國衝突，另中國持續主張與堅持「九段線」，臺灣捲入紛爭與美國勢力介入下，導致南海爭議不斷。 在越、中南海歷年軍事衝突發現，為奪取石油與各項戰略利益，以《聯合國海洋法公約》據理力爭對自身有利之條件，作為解決爭議的手段，但在南海衝突事件日益擴大，除造成各國間軍備競賽，並擴大島礁面積與強化基礎建設，及訴諸國際法庭進行爭訟，而美國勢力的介入影響，增添南海局勢的複雜，為此，我國需不斷透過各種國際發聲管道，輔以證據聲明南海海域為我國所擁有，並將國防武力引進且成立南沙海巡基地，對駐守人員加強專業軍事訓練，以鞏固我國南海主權。 關鍵詞：南海九段線、聯合國海洋法公約、自由航行權、南海政策綱領
並列摘要
South China Sea area could be one of the most possible places to cause the international conflicts burst out. China declare the 「nine- dotted line」claim to world–wide in 2009,and expend the reefs to build harbors, airports which gets the mean attentions with other countries in this area, and force the United States to get involved. As the levels of international conflicts increase, it causes the compositions of armaments and the international law suits events. The key point to all the conflicts is to acquire the sovereign rights of the islands and reefs in South China Sea. The study uses the methods of 「documentary analysis」to collect the related periodicals, researches, thesis and the latest news from experts and government, and also attend the seminar to accomplish the static analysis, which indicates Vietnam stands the key position of all claim-countries；all claim countries try to pursuit benefits and get the recourses of South China Sea；and there is no effective ways to ease the conflicts at the base of doubt for one another; and China insist the「nine- dotted line」claim, and the United States and Taiwan get involved, which leads continuous conflicts in South China Sea. Survey on the main reasons of military conflicts between Vietnam and China are to grab the oil and defense strategy. Standing on 「The United Nations Convention on the law of the Sea」, the two countries fight for the benefits and also use it as a solution for all the controversies. However ,the conflicts get more in South China Sea which cause the military composition between those countries. They mass-construct the coral reefs and accuse China in the international court. And the US gets involved which make this area more complicated. Therefore, Taiwan needs to continue spreading the messages internationally which Taiwan owns the sovereign rights of the islands in South China Sea with the historical evidences. Establishing the 「Tai-Ping」island coast guard base with military force and enforce the soldiers with professional military trainings which could stabilize our sovereign rights in South China Sea. Keywords：South China Sea nine- dotted line；The United Nations Convention on the law of the Sea；free rights to sail；South China Sea policy