英文寫作修正性回饋之文法精準度效果: 以過去式作探討

The Effects of English Written Corrective Feedback on Grammatical Accuracy: An Investigation of Past Tense

謝昊展(Hao-Chan Hsieh)

指導教授 ： 劉德烜

國立中正大學/文學院/英語教學研究所/碩士(2015年)

摘要

本研究探討在台灣以英語為外國語言的寫作教室中，藉由直接與間接式寫作修正性回饋的使用，來檢視文法精準度(過去式特徵)提升的效力。本研究的對象為中台灣三十二位來自不同國民中學的中學生。資料蒐集包括句型翻譯練習、段落翻譯練習和兩篇段落寫作練習。本研究兼採質化與量化的方式來分析資料。
研究結果顯示出所有間接式寫作修正性回饋(重複式、引出式、和語法提示式)比直接式更有效地讓學習者在未來真實寫作中提升過去式文法精準度。獨立樣本t檢定的p值也在間接組和直接組的寫作表現中呈現出顯著的差異。當探討這三類間接式寫作修正性回饋中，哪一類最有效提高學習者文法自我修正率時，本研究發現語法提示式回饋是最有效的策略。最後，學習者的自我修正率和未來語法精準度有著極大顯著性的正相關關係。
本研究建議與其使用直接式修正性回饋，不如請教師運用並融入此三類間接式寫作修正性回饋，特別是「語法提示式」至寫作教學中，讓學習者不僅能透過現有的中介語言知識來做自我修正，也能在未來作文任務中提升他們的文法修正率和精準度。

關鍵字

間接式寫作修正性回饋 ； 直接式寫作修正性回饋 ； 學習者文法精準度

並列摘要

This study explored the effects of promoted grammatical accuracy (past tense feature) by comparing the use of direct and indirect written corrective feedback (WCF) in a Taiwanese EFL composition class. Thirty two middle school students from different junior high schools located in central Taiwan participated in the present study. Data were collected from a sentence translation practice, a paragraph translation practice, and two tasks of picture description of paragraph writing. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were utilized for data analysis.
The results of the study revealed that all indirect WCFs (repetition, elicitation, and metalinguistic feedback) are more effective than direct/explicit one in enabling learners to promote greater grammatical accuracy on past tense in future authentic writing. P-values from the independent-samples t-test also indicated significant differences between indirect group and direct group in terms of their performances. As for the most effective indirect WCFs in promoting learner grammatical self-correction ratio, the researcher found that metalinguistic feedback is the most effective strategy. Finally, the correlation between correction ratio and future linguistic accuracy were found to be strikingly significant.
The study concludes that instead of using direct/explicit CF, teachers are advised to employ and incorporate these three indirect WCFs, especially “metalinguistic feedback” into writing instruction in order to not only make learners do the self-repair via retrieving current interlanguage knowledge but also potentially contribute to their higher rates of grammatical correction and accuracy in future composition tasks.

並列關鍵字

indirect written corrective feedback ； direct written corrective feedback ； learner grammatical accuracy

參考文獻

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Bitchener, J. (2008). Evidence in support of written corrective feedback, Journal of Second Language Writing, 17(2), 102-118.

Bitchener, J., ＆ Knoch, U. (2005). The value of a focused approach to written corrective feedback, ELT Journal, 63, 204-211.

Bitchener, J., ＆ Knoch, U. (2008a). Raising the linguistic accuracy level of beginning L2 writers with indirect written corrective feedback, Journal of Second Language Writing, 19(7), 411-425.