- 學位論文
從和戰關係論兩魏齊周形勢與國策演變
The Evolvement of State of Affairs and National Policy within Eastern Wei-Northern Qi and Western Wei-Northern Chou based on Amity and Conflict.
摘要
東魏北齊由強趨弱、西魏北周由弱轉強的過程，向來為史家所津津樂道。但過份詳細論述政權內部種種問題時，往往會有見樹不見林的缺憾。本文嘗試以鳥瞰方式檢視534年至577年間，東西魏齊周雙方政權間的互動過程，在檢視國家戰略的同時，也試圖推敲雙方的國家發展方針為何。分裂之初東魏頻頻往西擴張、進逼西魏，西魏則節節抵抗、站穩關中；兩魏遞嬗為齊周的轉變期，外部國際環境也產生了改變，不僅突厥代替柔然而起，侯景亂梁所造成的梁陳易代也讓諸政權間的外交關係重新洗牌。東魏北齊雖自始至終頻頻對外作戰，但至北齊中後期，君臣上下耽於安樂、陷於權力鬥爭之中；反觀西魏北周雖在建立之初咬牙苦撐，中後期卻能適時掌握契機，以最少資源向外獲得最多利益。相對於北齊君臣的怯戰，北周君臣的謀略與膽魄，也是前者安逸內耗、後者穩定進取的雙面鏡。簡而言之，據本文所論，筆者以為東魏北齊一貫的國家發展方針為擴張政策，西魏北周則為穩進政策。只是宇文泰的霸業有宇文邕在穩定中前進，高歡的宏圖卻被高緯遺忘在內鬥與享樂之中。
並列摘要
For a long time, it has been generally considered as an attractive topic that how the Eastern Wei/ Northern Qi regimes became weaker and the Western Wei/ Northern Zhou regimes got stronger. However, some certain disadvantage such as seeing no woods for trees will be apparently induced if various trivial problems inside regimes are unreasonably discussed. In this essay, the discussion will be focused on the country strategies and developing policies of the regimes by overlooking the interactive processes between the eastern and western regimes. During the early period after the Northern Wei Dynasty splitting into two regimes, the Eastern Wei regime continuously expanded the territories towards the west; nevertheless, the Western Wei regime had no choice but to defend against attacks from the Eastern Wei regime one step after another as well as made the governing foundation more firmly in the region of Guan Zhong（關中）. While the Eastern and Western Wei regimes separately changed into the Northern Qi and Zhou regimes, not only international situations had changed that the Rouran（柔然） Khaganate’s dominant role over Inner Eurasia was replaced by the Turkic（突厥） Khanate, but also the restructuring of international relationships was brought out duo to the regime transformation of the Southern Dynasties from the Liang to the Chen caused by the Hou-Jing（侯景） Riot. After the above inner and outer changes, the Northern Qi Emperors and their officials indulged in private pleasures and political struggles as continuously attacking enemies. On the other hand, the reason why the Northern Zhou regime could take chances to gain the most benefits with the least resources was that their Emperors and officials had effective schemes and courage to overcome the weaknesses of their country. To sum up, the Eastern Wei/ Northern Qi regimes implemented the expanding policy as their consistent country developing policy, and the Western Wei/ Northern Zhou regimes implemented the steadily advancing policy. However, when Yu-wentai’s enterprise was succeed by Yu-wenyun（宇文邕）, Kao-huan’s was forgotten by Kao-wei（高緯）.