農村再生政策對社區發展的影響：以臺南市農村社區為例

The Impact of Rural Rejuvenation Policy to Community Development: A Case Study of Rural Communities in Tainan City

黃鈺紜(YU-YUN HUANG)

指導教授 ： 李佩珊

國立中正大學/社會科學院/政治學系政府與公共事務碩士在職專班/碩士(2016年)

摘要

鑒於臺灣農業在經濟社會環境變遷下，產生農業就業人口減少，農業就業人口年齡老化，農村長期缺乏有計畫及系統性來協助整體發展的問題，政府為促進農村永續發展及農村活化再生，制定農村再生條例，施行迄今已有五年的時間。因此，本研究以臺南市白河區竹門社區、林子內社區及新化區礁坑社區為研究個案，欲探究農村再生社區的執行情形，推動農村再生後為社區發展帶來的影響，及農村再生政策的落實程度。
本研究發現，越早期推動農村再生的社區，社區組織的行動力及執行力較為穩定；地方的政治生態，是影響基層社區和諧與否的重要因素；農村再生政策強調由下而上的共同參與的精神，讓社區得依實際需求擬定計畫及發展方向；而社區實質執行的項目，仍多受行政部門規範的限制；社區發展在環境生態的改善最為明顯，缺乏年輕人才是產業經濟改善不明顯的主因；健全的社區組織及強而有力的領導者，是社區成功推動農村再生的關鍵；農村居民對於農村再生執行後的社區發展成果，雖未能全面達成期望，但多給予正面的評價，並支持社區繼續推動農村再生。
最後，本研究提出以下建議供參：加強人力資源培育，設置激勵機制，鼓勵年輕世代參與社區事務；導入產學合作概念，提供理論與實務經驗結合的機會，培養社區營造專才；落實政策宣導，提高居民政策認同；結合各方資源，使效用達到最大；定期社區評鑑，協助社區整併；引進企業合作模式，發揮社區創意，以達永續發展。

關鍵字

農村再生 ； 農村社區 ； 農村再生條例 ； 社區發展 ； 永續發展

並列摘要

Given that society and economic environment have changed massively, Taiwan agriculture has encountered predicaments, such as decreasing and aging working population and the lack of a visionary and systematic blueprint. For sustainable developments and vital regenerations in rural areas, the government has enacted Rural Rejuvenation Act for five years so far. This study, therefore, chose Zhumen and Linzinei community of Baihe district and Jiaokeng community of Sinhua district in Tainan as prime cases, so as to understand the implementation of the act, the ramification of the rejuvenation promotion for communities, and the performance of the rejuvenation policy.
The result showed that: the earlier a rural community promoted rejuvenation, the more stable activation and implementation a communal organization had; local political environment was a significant factor which influenced the harmony among rank-and-file personnel in a community; the highlighted bottom-up participation made communities responsive to what they really needs regarding plans or development directions; administrative agencies oftentimes could decide the project implemented; the most improved aspect of community development was environment while it was not the case for economic and industry which was attributed mainly to the lack of young blood; a complete community organization and a potent leader were the key elements for a successful promotion of rejuvenation; after the policy implemented, its performance failed to reach rural residents' expectation who still gave positive comments and unceasing supports.
Lastly, this study proposes following suggestions for references: augment trainings for human resources, create incentivizing mechanisms, and encourage young generations to involve in community development; introduce ideas of school-industry cooperation so as to provide chances to combine academic theories with practical experiences and then to cultivate professionals of community development; carry out policy campaigns and enhance residents' recognition of relevant policies; maximize the effectiveness of the policy by combining every resources; assisting integration among communities by regular evaluations; let communities to be able to display creativity for sustainable developments by launching enterprise cooperation.

並列關鍵字

Rural Rejuvenation ； Rural Community ； Rural Rejuvenation Act ； Community Development ； Sustainable Development

參考文獻

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王俊豪，2014，〈臺灣城鄉分類系統之研究－哪裡是農村？〉，《臺灣農學會報》，15（1）：18-38。

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