- 學位論文
弱勢賦權與環境正義：以富喬工業汙染事件為例
The Empowerment of The Disadvantaged Group and Environmental Justice — The Study of The Fulltech Enterprise
摘要
本研究從弱勢賦權與環境正義的觀點，探究富喬工業對於農業的汙染與影響。集體行動的過程中面臨內部與外部的困境，因此，如何克服這些困境並爭取賠償是本文最主要的研究目的。本研究以地方環境治理與政府管制監督、弱勢賦權、環境正義、集體行動等相關理論為基礎，探討下列問題：（一）為何特定的公害受污染人願意參加集體行動的抗議？（二）弱勢者如何被賦權？（三）中央政府和地方政府所提供的協助或是障礙為何？（四）業者與政府之間的談判過程為何？本研究的研究途徑為理性選擇，研究方法以個案研究法為主，並從文件與檔案記錄、深度訪談、參與觀察取得相關資料，並以質性研究法進行分析。 研究結果如下：（一）弱勢農民透過替自己「發聲」後，便得到強勢企業團體「友善」的回應，除了獲得補償之外，企業團體也答應出資改善污染，呈現出弱勢賦權與環境正義之間緊密的相嵌性；（二）社會運動的成功除了弱勢者自身的組織之外，民意代表是很重要的角色，不僅可以督促行政部門對於汙染業主的檢查和管制，同時可以讓社會運動因此有更多的外部資源，增加運動成功的可能性。當社會運動取得合法性和正當性之後，污染的企業較容易讓步或是與社會運動團體來協商。換句話說，環境正義在適當的政治機會結構下，較容易實現和執行。
並列摘要
In this study, I explore the pollution of Fulltech by the empowerment of the disadvantaged group and environmental justice. The process of collective action encounters internal and external delimmas. Therefore, how to overcome these delimmas and seek compensation is the main purpose of this study. This study is based on the theories of local environmental governance and government regulatory oversight, the empowerment of the disadvantaged group, environmental justice, and collective action. This study explores the following questions : (a) Why specific people whose fields suffered pollution would like to join collective action to protest? (b) How the disadvantaged group is empowered? (c) What are the helps or obstacles that the central and local governments provided? (d) What is the negotiation process between the industry and the government? Taking a rational choice approach and case study, multi-method designed was set up including documentations and archival records, in-depth interviews, participation observation to study a sample of the Fulltech enterprise. The study leads to the following results: (a) After the disadvantaged farmers “voice” for themselves, they get “friendly” responses from Fulltech. In addition to compensation, Fulltech also promises to improved pollution, which shows the embeddedness between the empowerment of the disadvantaged group and environmental justice. (b) Besides the organization of the disadvantaged group, the elected representatives also play an important role in the success of social movement, not only to supervise the administration for inspection and control pollution of the owners, but also to provide more external resources, to increase the possibility of the social movement. When the social movement gets the legitimacy, enterprises which pollutes the fields would like to negotiate or compromise with the social groups. In other words, environmental justice would relatively implement and execute under an appropriate political opportunity structure.