西班牙加泰隆尼亞民族主義之發展與限制

The Development and Limits of Catalonia Nationalism in Spain

蔡珮如(PEI-JU TSAI)

指導教授 ： 李俊毅

國立中正大學/社會科學院/戰略暨國際事務研究所/碩士(2016年)

摘要

民族主義向來是政治學中最難定義的概念之一，儘管民族主義者經常將成立民族國家做為最終目標， 多數國家仍由一個民族所組成。西班牙即是一個由多民族所組成的國家，其國族認同自十九世紀以來即具備多元的特性，地區主義亦有蓬勃的發展，僅近年來比較受到矚目的則是加泰隆尼亞地區的民族認同。過去加泰隆尼亞的民族認同主張相對較巴斯克地區溫和，僅傾向主張較多的自治權，然而由該區2014年的一場諮詢性公投看來，加泰隆尼亞的民族認同已有較不一樣的發展。

所有的民族認同建構都歷經相當長的一段時間，各種民族主義的論述也莫衷一是，本文透過回顧西班牙及加泰隆尼亞的民族認同建構歷程，並採自族裔民族主義及公民民族主義的論述脈絡來分析兩者的民族認同建構模式，藉此梳理加泰隆尼亞民族認同為何於近年來有著和過去不同的發展，並在該區新的民族發展趨勢之下，現在及未來所必須面對的可能衝擊。

關鍵字

民族認同 ； 民族主義 ； 加泰隆尼亞

並列摘要

Nationalism is one of the hardest concepts to define in the political science. Although building a national state is often to be considered as the nationalists’ ultimate goal, most of the countries are composed by multiple nations. And Spain is no exception. What stands out of Spanish nationalism is its plurality since 19 century; meanwhile, the regional identities have been existed almost as long as the Spanish national identity. Compared to Basque region, Catalonia used to have relatively modest approach and only inclined to request more autonomy from the central state. However, that seemed to have a remarkable change since an advisory referendum was hold in 2014.

It takes a long-period of time to build the identity of all nations, and every theory has different method to explain how national identity was constructed. This article reviewed the building processes of national identities of Spain and Catalonia, and used the approach of ethnic nationalism and civic nationalism to see how they enforced the identities of each own and what changed in Catalonia. This article also tried to explore the impacts in Catalonia facing current situation and the possible limits if Catalonia decides to go for independence in the future.

並列關鍵字

Catalonia ； National Identity ； Nationalism

參考文獻

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