AI科幻電影中女性賽伯格形象與性別關係之建構——以《人造意識》、《雲端情人》為例

本研究運用性別操演理論、賽博格女性主義理論與後人類理論，以文本分析方法檢視《人造意識》與《雲端情人》兩位AI女性如何建構自己的性別；同時，這兩位AI藉由這一操演，成功將自己建構成女性後，與男性角色們關係又如何轉變。本研究發現有四：一、兩位AI女主角性別之建構是從反覆的每日加強女性氣質（femininity），並與男主角們建立「性別化的場景」，讓男主角們相信自己的女性性別，兩位AI通過行為、姿態、演繹的符號實踐成功建立女性身份。二、本研究指出，性別身份的是不穩固的，兩位AI女主角都是先操演成一個女性，進而才能操演成一個「人」。如Butler的性別操演理論，性別可以透過一連串符號及話語維繫，這表示除了構成性別身份的不同行為以外，並沒有什麼本質的身份。而這亦呼應Hayles與Haraway的共同立論基礎：「人類不是天生，而是造成的」。三、男主角們都對AI女性投以戀物癖與窺淫癖，但AI女主角利用科技優勢，積極扮演一個客體，從而得到成為主體的可能。四、電影中AI女性們與非人／人類結盟，乃是基於親緣性（familiarity）站到同一陣線，但需注意到這其中的階層性帶來的傷害，需不斷梳理差異與協商，才有可能走向一個儘管有傷害卻還是能互相依存的行動共同體。本研究並非藉著後人類和賽伯格鼓吹單純地擁抱科技，而是為了重構一種更包容不具排斥性、對於「人」是什麼的想像更為寬廣的界線。關鍵字：性別操演、女性形象、賽伯格、後人類、文本分析

關鍵字

性別操演；女性形象；賽伯格；後人類；文本分析

並列摘要

This study employs gender performativity theory, cyborg feminism theory and posthuman theories to analyze two science fiction films, Ex Machina and Her. This study uses text analysis to examine how and under what circumstances the two AI females in Ex Machina and Her construct their gender identities, how such gender performance continues, and how their relationships with male characters change when they successfully complete this construction of themselves as women. This study finds that the construction of gender of the two AI females can mainly be attributed to the repeated daily performance of femininity, and the establishment of “gendered scenes” with the male protagonists. By doing so they can persuade the male protagonists to believe in their female gender identities. The two AI characters successfully establish female identities through the practices of female behaviors, postures, and languages. Moreover, besides their performance of “women”, the two AI characters also become cyborgs mentioned by Donna Haraway. The two AI characters successfully perform not only gender through their own scientific and technological characteristics, but also the role of a person. With the analysis, this study wishes to discuss and reflect on elements necessary for the construction of human beings. As these AI females can take advantage of technology to first play actively the role of an object of male gaze, while gradually obtaining the possibility of becoming a subject themselves. The study further highlights how AI females make alliance with other AI robots and use technology in their rebellion against patriarchy. Nevertheless, I argue that such an alliance and the use of technology is situated within a particular hierarchy/power structure. Therefore, it is necessary to contemplate on the use of technology and to rethink the definition of the human beings.