多感官療法對亞健康者健康與心情狀態之影響

摘要生命教育的教育目標，主要是協助人在心理與身體的發展與健康，在身體健康與疾病之間會有一種中介的狀態，文獻上稱為「亞健康狀態」，亞健康雖然不是疾病，但有轉向疾病化的可能性。為了讓人擁有更健康的生命狀態，本研究將探討亞健康狀態，以實驗研究介入療程操作，將研究結果提供給實務界參考。本研究以高雄市20-55歲就業女性為研究對象，將個案以隨機分派方式分成 10 位實驗組和10 位對照組分別進行研究，實驗組接受多感官療法，控制組接受傳統療法，以成對樣本t 檢定來比較實驗組與控制組於每個構面前後測的差異，並且使用共變數分析將前測分數做為控制變數，在排除前測的影響後，進行後測的差異檢定。因為本實驗設計樣本數較少，此研究報告佐以效果量(η2)作為輔助。本研究結果顯示，多感官療法在十二個分量表的前後測有七個均達顯著差異，而傳統療法在十二個分量表的前後測差異均未達顯著水準。多感官療法在亞健康量表每個構面的成對樣本t 檢定，「疲憊」此構面有達顯著水準，而多感官療法在盤斯心情量表每個構面的成對樣本t 檢定，「緊張」、「疲勞」、「迷惑」、「沮喪」、「自尊」、「活力」等六構面上，前測與後測達顯著差異，表示多感官療法對於身體層面「疲憊」的舒緩有較好的成效，對於心理層面「緊張」、「疲勞」、「迷惑」、「沮喪」、「自尊」、「活力」有較好成效。共變數分析的結果顯示，排除前測的影響後，兩組在「緊張」、「疲勞」、「疲憊」、「活力」、「憤怒」、「精神狀態」、「迷惑」、「沮喪」、「自尊」的分量表後測上，實驗組顯著高於控制組，代表在負向情緒中，多感官療法比傳統療法帶來較好的緩解；在正向的情緒中，多感官療法也比傳統療法有更好的提升作用。基於前述結果，本研究建議如下：一、對實務工作的建議 (一) 提供衛教資源：對亞健康者的習性和狀態，予以相關衛教資源與觀念，以提供適度的保健管道。 (二) 創新療程設計：可嘗試透過儀器或多媒體的設計，協助個案面對問題的覺察與改善。 (三) 建議醫療檢查：針對亞健康狀態較嚴重者，提供適合的醫療檢查建議，避免延宕病情。 (四) 用於輔助療程：多感官療程對於改善亞健康症狀有顯著的效果，可作為亞建康或相關工作者的輔助療程。二、對未來研究的建議 (一) 尋求機構配合：往後的實驗可尋求機構的協助，可針對特定族群進行較有彈性的研究。 (二) 增加樣本人數：建議未來研究，樣本數可以增加，以減少統計量的誤差。 ii (三) 增加量表題數：建議在量表的構面題型上可多增加些題數，更能測出實際數值。 (四) 調整療程週數：建議往後實驗設計的週數可在第三週做第一次測量，第六週做第二次測量，可做兩次分析比對數據，更精確分析療程後生理與心理的趨勢變化。 (五) 增加感官療程：建議後續之研究可增加視覺與味覺的感官療程，深入探討其它感官上的反應。 (六) 評估持續效果：療程後一個月左右可再測，可檢測療程效果持續度。關鍵詞：心情狀態、生命教育、多感官療法、亞健康、傳統療法

關鍵字

心情狀態；生命教育；多感官療法；亞健康；傳統療法

並列摘要

ABSTRACT The goal of life education is mainly to help people’s physical and psychological development and health. There is an intermediary state between health and disease, which is called “sub-health” in literature. Sub-health is not a disease, but it can be possibly turned to disease. In order to make people have a better healthy life, this study aims to explore the sub-health status and provide the research results to the practical field for reference. The employed women aged from 20 to 55 in Kaohsiung City were the research participants, and 10 cases were randomly assigned to the experimental group and 10 cases randomly to the control group. The experimental group received multisensory therapy, while the control group received traditional therapy. The paired-sample t test was used to analyze the differences between pre-test and post-test scores of the experimental group and the control group. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to analyze the post-test scores while controlling for the differences in pre-test scores. . As the sample size of this study was small, the effect size (η2) was used as a reference in this study. The results of this study showed that seven of the twelve scales of multisensory therapy had significant differences between pre- and post-tests, while none of the twelve scales of traditional therapy had significant differences between pre- and posttests. The paired-sample t-test of multisensory therapy on each sub-healthy dimension showed that “fatigue” had a significant level, and the paired-sample t-test of multisensory therapy on each dimension of the Profile of Mood States (POMS) showed that the six dimensions—tension, fatigue, confusion, depression, self-esteem, and vigor—had significant differences between pre- and post-test scores. This indicates that there is a positive effect on the relief of the physical dimension such as “fatigue” and the psychological dimension such as “tension,” “fatigue,” “confusion,” “depression,” “self-esteem” and “vigor.” The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed that the experimental group had more significant differences than the control group in “tension,” “fatigue,” “confusion,” “depression,” “exhaustion,” “vigor,” and “anger.” This indicates that the multisensory therapy has a better relief effect than the traditional therapy in the negative mood. Also, the multisensory therapy has significantly iv enhanced more than the traditional therapy in the positive mood. I. Suggestions made for professional practitioners: 1. Provide health education resources: We can offer sub-healthy people with health education resources and concepts in terms of their habits and status, so as to provide appropriate health care channels. 2. Innovate the therapy design:We can try to assist the participants to detect and improve the problems through instrument or multimedia design. 3. Suggest medical examination: We suggest severe sub-healthy people receive appropriate medical examinations in order to avoid delaying their illness. 4. Apply as an auxiliary therapy: We found that multisensory therapy can be used as an auxiliary therapy for sub-healthy people, as the therapy exerts a significant effect on the improvement of sub-healthy symptoms. II. Suggestions made for future research 1. Seek cooperation with institutions: In the future, the experimental design can seek institutions or units for assistance in research, and can be conducted for specific groups in flexible ways. 2. Increase the sample size: The sample size can be increased in future research in order to reduce statistical errors. 3. Increase the number of questions on the scale: The number of questions on the dimensions of the scale can be increased in order to better measure the actual results. 4. Adjust the number of treatment weeks: The post-test time points for future research can be arranged in the third and sixth weeks. The post-test data can be collected twice to accurately analyze the trend of physiological and psychological changes after the therapy. 5. Increase the multisensory therapy: The senses of sight and taste could be added to the multisensory therapy to further explore other sensory responses. 6. Evaluate the lasting effect: The effect of therapy can be measured again after about one month in order to evaluate the lasting effect of the treatment.