寄養母親失落調適經驗中復原力探討

本研究旨在探討寄養母親面對與寄養兒童少年分離，寄養母親的失落調適經驗，其中包含寄養母親之復原力。本研究採用現象學派典，以現象學研究為策略，採取立意取樣法之深度取樣，選取經歷與寄養兒少分離經驗至少3次以上之寄養母親為研究參與者，共有4位寄養母親參與本研究，研究者運用半結構式訪談題綱，對於每位研究參與者進行一對一個別深度訪談，繼而應用現象分析法進行資料整理和分析。本研究結果個別呈現每位寄養母親之失落調適經驗，發現寄養母親們共同展現之復原力，乃個人復原力因子與環境保護因子相互交織，形成保護網，個人復原力因子包括：（1）情緒覺察、接納與調適的能力；（2）照顧好自我身心健康和家庭生活；（3）轉移焦點，專注於當下人事物的能力；（4）接受寄養服務是暫時的；（5）知道孩子過得好而感到放心；（6）正向思考；（7）在寄養親子互動中，感受到照顧的價值；（8）做自己能力內的事情；（9）想幫助更多孩子的助人信念；（10）從生命經驗中學習；以及（11）佛教信仰的力量。另一方面，環境保護因子含納：（1）家人的支持與理解；（2）朋友的陪伴和鼓勵；（3）其他寄養家庭的經驗分享跟幫助；以及（4）社會工作系統的支持及跨機構的合作。本研究之結論有二點，其一，寄養母親在失落調適經驗中學習與成長，逐步探索合適自我的失落調適方式，面對分離的心境隨之正向轉化；其二，在失落逆境中，寄養母親之個人復原力因子與環境保護因子有助其逐步回穩，邁向正向適應。最後，本研究針對實務工作、未來研究兩面向提出相關建議。

關鍵字

寄養母親；寄養家庭；失落；失落調適；復原力

並列摘要

This study aimed to explore the loss adjustment experiences of foster mothers, including their resilience, when separated from foster children. The study adopted the phenomenology paradigm as the research strategy, and four foster mothers who had experienced separation from at least three foster children were recruited as participants through purposive sampling. The researcher conducted a semi-structured in-depth interviews with each participant. The results illustrated each foster mother’s loss adjustment experiences and revealed a shared resilience among these foster mothers. The personal resilience factors were: (1) having ability to recognize, accept, and adapt to emotions; (2) caring for one's own physical health, mental health, and family life; (3) having ability to shift focus and concentrate on the people and things present at the moment; (4) acknowledging the impermanence of foster care; (5) feeling relief knowing the child is doing well; (6) having a positive mindset; (7) recognizing the value of care giving in foster parent-child interactions; (8) doing what is within one's ability; (9) having belief in helping more children; (10) learning from life experiences; and (11) having the power of Buddhist faith. The environmental protective factors of resilience were: (1) support and understanding from family; (2) companionship and encouragement from friends; (3) experience sharing and assistance from other foster families; and (4) support from the social work system and interdepartmental collaboration. The study concluded that foster mothers learned and grew through the experience of loss adjustment, gradually explored the appropriate ways to adjust their loss experience and then became more positive when facing separation. Moreover, in situations of loss, the personal resilience factors of foster mothers and environmental resilience protective factors contributed to their gradual stabilization toward positive adaptation. In conclusion, the study provided suggestions for practice and future research.