高雄市特殊教育學校困境與轉型之研究

A Study on the Difficulties and Transformation of Special Education Schools in Kaohsiung City

王冠中(Guann-Jung Wang)

指導教授 ： 鍾鳳嬌

國立屏東科技大學/人文暨社會科學院/技術及職業教育研究所/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2008.00150

摘要

本研究探討高雄市特殊教育學校之困境及轉型策略，透過文獻探討、問卷調查和訪談等方法來蒐集相關資料，以自編「高雄市特殊教育學校轉型之調查問卷」為研究工具，研究對象為高雄市特殊教育學校教職員，調查問卷共發出190份，回收問卷150份，去除無效問卷5份，總計有效問卷145份，所得資料以次數分配與百分比進行描述性統計分析。再輔以訪談法進行深度訪談，以問卷調查結果作為訪談大綱，進行訪問特殊教育學校校長、教務主任、特殊教育學者、普通學校特教教師、主管教育行政機關主管，以及身心障礙團體主管等11位，來驗證校內人士與校外人士之看法是否一致，以及找出其他困境或轉型策略之看法。
綜合文獻分析、問卷調查及訪談結果，本研究結論如下：
一、特殊教育學校之困境，在外在因素有教育、經濟、學校組織外在壓力等20項因素，在內在因素有學校內部壓力、學校組織文化等16項因素。
二、特殊教育學校之轉型策略，在外在因素有教育、經濟、學校組織外在壓力等38項因素，在內在因素有學校內部壓力、學校領導者的領導風格等12項因素。
依據研究結論，本研究建議如下：
一、對特殊教育學校之建議
1.主動積極尋找學生，以彈性的態度面對環境變遷，運用各種轉型策略來改變。
2.特殊教育學校應有招收各類障礙學生之準備，充實教學設備，加強教師、專業人員進修特教相關專業知能研習。
3.可參考日本特別支援教育模式，提供普通學校專業服務支援或諮詢服務。
4.運用學校本身優勢，配合專業服務特色，進行規劃發展方向，建立專業服務或特教資源共享中心本位之特色。
5.積極協助教師專業成長及提供行政支援，建立鼓勵教師進修機制，並建立專業團隊，加強教師與專業人員之間交流。
二、對主管教育行政機關之建議
1.召集相關單位重新思考學校定位，收集其他特殊教育學校發展情形，從各轉型策略中決定可運用之策略。
2.建議每班學生數參酌學生障礙類別及程度，並在特殊教育設施及人員設置標準規定人數範圍內予以彈性調整。
3.可授權給學校將編制人力做適當調整運用。
4.規劃辦理教師第二專長或專業研習，提供教師支援系統。
5.發展諮詢教師方案，為普通學校教師提供專業諮詢。
6.寬列學校所需經費、增置教師助理員、專業人員。
三、對未來研究之建議
1.可將問卷調查對象與訪談對象做整合，並加入焦點團體訪談法，更能探討兩者研究結果之間的差異。
2.可將問卷調查對象從高雄市特殊教育學校教職員擴及至校外人士，俾進一步確認特殊教育學校之困境及轉型策略。

關鍵字

特殊教育學校 ； 困境 ； 轉型策略

並列摘要

This research investigates the difficulties and transformation strategies of special education schools in Kaohsiung City by means of literature review, questionnaires and interview to collecte interrelated data. One hundred and forty-five special education schools teachers and administrators in Kaohsiung City were invited to fill out the questionnaire. Moreover, 11 of special education school principal, educational administration director, the special education scholar, the ordinary school special teacher, the manager educational administration institution, as well as the body and mind barrier association managers were interviewed regarding to the difficulties and transformation strategies of special education school. By compositing literature analysis, questionnaires and the interview results, the research conclusions were described as follows.
1.Regarding to the difficulties of special education schools, there were 20 items of external factors in terms of education, economic, and school organization factors and 16 items of internal factors in terms of school internal pressures and culture of school organization.
2.There were 38 items in the external factor and 12 items in the internal factor of the transformation strategies of special education schools.
According to the research conclusions, some suggestions were provided as follows.
1. The suggestions to the special education school
（1）To seek for the students initiatively and positively, by the flexible manner facing the environmental transition, seeks for any capital applications strategy for the change.
（2）A various kinds of handicap students should be recruited in the special education schools. Extending the teaching equipment, strengthening the teacher and the professional to research and study with the specialized knowledge are also needed.
（3）To refer to Japan to support the educational pattern specially, provides the ordinary school professional service support or the consultation service.
（4）To use the school itself superiority, the coordinate professional service characteristic, carry on the plan development direction, establishes the professional service or teaches characteristic of especially the resource sharing center standard.
（5）To assist the teacher specialized growth positively and provide the administrative supports, establish to encourage the teacher taking in service advanced courses mechanism, and the specialized team, strengthens between the teacheres and the specialists exchanges.
2. The suggestions to the educational manager administration
（1）To convene the coherent units to ponder again the school localization, collect the development situations in other special education schools, decide the using strategies from each transformation strategies.
（2）To suggest that students number of each class to deliberate the handicap world and the degree of students, and in the special education facility and the personnel establish in the standing operating procedure population scope to give to adjust elastically.
（3）To authorize to the school making appropriate readjustments utilization for the establish manpower .
（4）To plan to transact the teacher second specialty or research and study with the specialized knowledge, and provide the support system for the teacher.
（5）To develop a consultant system and to provide a consultant service for the ordinary school teachers.
（6）To extend and to raise the funds of the school, to increase setting at the teacher assistants ane the specialists.
3. The suggestions for future study
（1）May do the conformity with the questionnaires object and the interview object, and to do a focus group, and to discuss differences between both the research conclusions.
（2）May expand the questionnaires object from special education schools teachers and administrators in Kaohsiung City to the extracurricular public figure, enable to further confirm the difficulties and transformation strategies of special education schools.

並列關鍵字

Special education school ； Difficulties ； Transformation strategy

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