出尾蟲授粉對番荔枝（大目種）著果之影響

Carpophilus humerlis（Fabricius）as pollinator and its effects on the fruit set of the sugar apple, Annona squamosa L. cv. Da-Mo

楊文玲(Wen-Ling Yang)

指導教授 ： 賴博永博士 ； 張念台博士

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/熱帶農業暨國際合作系所/碩士(2008年)

摘要

論文摘要內容：
番荔枝為台東重要特產經濟果樹,其栽植面積為5,319公頃。近年推廣人工異花授粉，以穩定產量與提升品質，但人工授粉之勞力成本負荷較高，故為減輕人力負荷，簡化授粉作業，本研究以番荔枝開花期間利用甲蟲（Carpophilus humerlis (Fabricius)）協助授粉。調查比較以出尾蟲傳粉、人工授粉及夜間燈照對著果的影響，期能以更有效的處理方法降低成本，提升釋迦之市場競爭力。實驗以｀大目種＇番荔枝之夏期果在開花季節的高峰期，擬室外罩網內放825隻/24m2 出尾蟲，共放2,475隻出尾蟲；第二次試驗於室外罩網內放1,100隻/24m2 出尾蟲，共放3,300隻出尾蟲，但不放置鳳梨，避免受測蟲只在鳳梨內而不拜訪花朵。結果顯示夜間燈照區的花數較出尾蟲釋放區、人工授粉區及對照組均顯著較多，夜間燈照的費用除共同費用外，另增加30.6%的額外成本。在著果數上，人工授粉區（15.4顆）較夜間燈照區、出尾蟲釋放區及對照組顯著較多。而在平均果徑上，人工授粉區（92.3mm）較夜間燈照區、出尾蟲釋放區及對照組亦顯著較大，且以人工授粉有顯著較多著果數（139顆）及品質較好（完整89%，不完整11%），人工授粉的費用除共同費用外，另增加11.7%的額外成本。

關鍵字

出尾蟲 ； 傳粉 ； 番荔枝 ； 夜間燈照 ； 人工授粉

並列摘要

The Content of Abstract in The Thesis：
The sugar apple, Annona squamosa L. cv. Da-Mo, is an important economic fruit crop in Taitung and its cultivated area was estimated at 5,319 ha. Recently artificial pollination was widely used to stabilize productivity and to enhance fruit quality. However, the labor cost for the artificial pollination is additional to the common costs in the sugar apple production. Therefore, to minimize the burden of the added labor cost and to simplify production process, this study utilized Carpophilus humeralis (Fabricius) to assist in pollination at time of flowering. This study also compared the effects of different treatment methods, i.e., insect pollination, artificial pollination and lighting at night, on the number of fruit set to identify a more efficient and effective treatment method to reduce the overall costs and enhance the sugar apple’s market competitiveness. This study was conducted at the flowering period for the summer fruits of the sugar apple by releasing 1,100 ea C. humeralis/ 24m2 of a net house with a total of 3,300 ea C. humeralis released in 3 net houses in the field. No pineapple plants were placed in the net to prevent the released insects from being attracted by the plants. Results of the study showed that the number of flowers in the night lighting treatment area was significantly more than that in other treatment areas of insect release, artificial pollination and check. However, an extra 30.6% of the cost was added to the night lighting treatment area besides the commonly shared costs. The number of fruits set in the artificial pollination treatment area was significantly more than that in other treatment areas of night lighting, insect release and check. The mean diameter of fruits in the artificial pollination treatment area was also larger than that in other treatment areas of night lighting, insect release and check. On the average number of fruits set, artificial pollination area (15.4 fruits) was significantly more than that of the night lighting, insect releasing and check areas. On the mean diameter of each fruit produced, artificial pollination area (92.3mm) was significantly larger than that of the night lighting, insect releasing and check areas. The artificial pollination area (139 fruits) had significantly the most total number of fruits set and the best fruit quality (89% normal fruits and 11% abnormal fruits). However, the labor cost for the artificial pollination was 11.7% over and above the total material and labor costs shared by all other treatments.

並列關鍵字

nitidulid beetle ； pollination ； sugar apple ； night lighting ； artificial pollination

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