印度棗葉脈間黃化原因之研究

Studies on leaves interveinal chlorosis of Indian jujube (Zizyphus mauritiana Lam.)

丁湘儼(Shiang-Yen Ting)

指導教授 ： 柯立祥 ； 王鐘和

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/熱帶農業暨國際合作系所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2007.00050

摘要

本研究之主要目的在探討大葉種印度棗及蜜棗於主要生育期(7月至隔年2月)，造成葉片脈間黃化病徵之因素，乃於2006及2007連續二年在鹽埔鄉三處印度棗果園作營養診斷。二處果園為蜜棗，其中一處在8月開始出現葉脈間黃化 (視為病區A)，另一處在12月才開始出現病徵(視為病區B)。大葉種印度棗果園大部分植株在8月開始出現葉脈間黃化病徵(視為病區A)，另在同一果園內選取少數12月才出現病徵者(視為病區B)，以作為對照。分析各試區之土壤性質、不同葉片及果實之無機營養狀態以及兩品種間葉片養分含量之差異，對植株產生病徵之影響。
營養診斷之結果顯示，大葉種及蜜棗病區A植株Mg含量皆顯著低於病區B，與印度棗葉片含量標準值相較，病區A植株顯示8月開始有缺乏，病區B植株則12月開始有缺乏，顯示病徵屬Mg元素缺乏所造成。另大葉種及蜜棗病區A植株葉片及果實皆顯示K、Zn含量較高，其中蜜棗差異最為顯著；蜜棗病區A植株亦顯示Mn含量顯著高於病區B。
比較Mg與N、K、Ca、Mn間之比例顯示，病區A土壤、植株及果實四項比例皆低於病區B，表示Mg含量相對較低，其中亦以蜜棗最為顯著，2006年及2007年土壤Mg/K比及Mg/Ca比、葉片Mg/K比、Mg/Mn比以及果實四項比例皆有顯著差異。進一步探討病區A植株Mg與N、K、Ca 、Mn間之相關係數，顯示大葉種及蜜棗葉片K與Mg之間皆有顯著負相關，其中大葉種於開花期(7月至9月)、果實生長期(10月至11月)以及果實採收期(12月至2月)皆顯示有顯著及極顯著負相關，蜜棗則於開花期L-9,10部位有顯著負相關，表示K與Mg間因拮抗作用導致植株對Mg之吸收受到抑制。
比較大葉種及蜜棗葉片養分含量之差異，結果顯示蜜棗病區A及病區B葉片微量元素Cu、Zn含量皆顯著較高，表示蜜棗對Cu、Zn之吸收能力可能較大葉種佳。

關鍵字

印度棗 ； 葉片脈間黃化 ； 土壤性質 ； 營養元素 ； 拮抗作用

並列摘要

The aim of this research is discussed the factors caused leaf interveinal chlorosis during growth and development of Indian jujube cv. ‘Daye’ and ‘Mitzau’. In 2006 and 2007, 3 Indian jujube orchards located in Yenpu Township were selected for leaf diagnosis. Two orchards were planted ‘Mitzau’ cultivar; one appeared interveinal chlorosis from August (ICA), and the other one appeared from December (ICB) as a control orchard. In ‘Daye’ orchard, the most plants appeared interveinal chlorosis from August (ICA); a few plants appeared from December were selected as a control (ICB). The investigations were focused on soil fertility, leaf nutrient concentration at different leaf number and fruits. The difference of leaf nutrient concentration between ‘Daye’ and ‘Mitzau’ were also compared.
In nutrient diagnosis, the result showed ICA of ‘Daye’ and ‘Mitzau’ cultivar had a significant lower concentration of Mg. After compared to the appropriate concentration of nutrients, ICA showed a magnesium deficiency from August and ICB showed from December. It indicated that leaf interveinal chlorosis was caused by Mg deficiency. ‘Daye’ and ‘Mitzau’ ICA also showed higher concentration of K and Zn in leaf and fruit, especially ‘Mitzau’ cultivar. ‘Mitzau’ ICA showed a significant higher concentration of Mn than ICB as well.
In the ratio between Mg and N, K, Ca, Mn, the result showed concentration of Mg in soil, plant, and fruits of ICA were lower than ICB. Especially ‘Mitzau’ ICA had significant difference in the soil ratio Mg and K, Mg and Ca and the leaves ratio Mg and K, Mg and Mn after compared to ICB. To discuss the related coefficients of Mg to N, K, Ca and Mn, the result showed ‘Daye’ had significant negative related in K and Mg. ‘Mitzau’ also had a significant negative related in leaf number L-9,10 on flowering stage. It indicates that absorption of plant to Mg was inhibited by antagonism between K and Mg.
In the difference of nutrient concentration between ‘Daye’ and ‘Mitzau’, the result showed ICA and ICB of ‘Mitzau’ had higher concentration of Cu and Zn, therefore absorption of ‘Mitzau’ to Cu and Zn better than ‘Daye’ cultivar.

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