- 學位論文
以枯草桿菌E20醱酵豆粉做為白蝦飼料原料取代魚粉使用
Using Bacillus subtilis E20 fermented soybean meal as a replacement in white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei diet for the substitution of fish meal
摘要
近來水產飼料成本不斷提高，特別是飼料原料中的魚粉。因此，尋求一種可有效取代魚粉之飼料原料已成為世界各國水產養殖發展的共同目標之ㄧ。豆粉已被做為水產飼料之原料，以取代魚粉之使用，但其抗營養因子及不平衡的營養組成，使得豆粉於水產飼料中之運用受到限制。本開發之產品“醱酵豆粉”透過微生物之醱酵，可有效的改善其營養組成及利用率。醱酵後之豆粉，其蛋白質含量明顯提高7.98%，但脂肪部份則無顯著性的改變。胺基酸組成分析，並無明顯變化，而游離胺基酸組成部份發現，醱酵後的豆粉不論是游離胺基酸種類及總含量皆明顯的提高。配製等蛋白質（37%）之飼料，分析豆粉取代魚粉試驗。結果顯示醱酵豆粉取代60%之魚粉時，對白蝦之成長並無明顯影響，而未醱酵豆粉取代40%之魚粉時，雖也不會造成白蝦成長下降，取代量至60%時，白蝦成長明顯下降。以Broken-line分析顯示醱酵豆粉與未醱酵豆粉最適魚粉取代量分別為61.7％和37.42％。綜合以上結果可知，經醱酵處理之豆粉，蛋白質明顯提高，因此配製等蛋白質含量飼料時，其使用量較未醱酵豆粉少。此外，經醱酵後之豆粉，可能因其營養及利用率提高，故其取代魚粉之量可由原先未醱酵之37.42%，增加至61.7%。總而言之，此B. subtilius E20醱酵豆料做為飼料原料取代魚粉是相當有潛力的。
並列摘要
Prices of feed stuffs for aquaculture are increased progressively, especially in fish meal. It is become an internal concern to develop a promising protein source as a replacement for fish mail, such as soybean meal (SBM) in aquafeed. It is well known that the amount of SBM used in aquafeed is limited due to its antinutritional factors and imbalanced amino acid profile. Therefore, this study aimed to improve the nutritional values and utilization of SBM for shrimp by using an approach of solid-state fermentation with Bacillus subtilis E20 isolated from natto. Results showed that protein content and B. subtilis E20 proliferation were significantly increased as the initial moisture increased from 30% up to 50% in SBM during fermentation. Compared to SBM, the protein content in fermented soybean meal (FSBM) was increased by 19% after fermentation and accompanied an increase in 18.75% of sum of hydrolyzed amino acids. Free amino acid profile and content in FSBM was also obviously increased by 374.9% compared to SBM. FSBM did not improve shrimp growth, but the substituted levels of fish meal in a diet with 37% protein and 7% lipid content was increased compared to SBM. The maximal replacement levels of fish meal in shrimp diet by SBM and FSBM were 37.42% and 61.67%, respectively, based on the feed efficiency estimated by broken-line analysis. It is conclusion that the FSBM fermented with B. subtilis E20 could be a potential protein source used as replacement for fish meal in shrimp diet.