不同敷蓋處理下地表層溫度及水分含量變化之研究

Study of Earth Temperature and Soil Moisture Variation in Ground Surface Layer under Different Mulching Treatments

陳奕誠(I-Cheng Chen)

指導教授 ： 唐 琦

國立屏東科技大學/工學院/水土保持系所/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2013.00047

摘要

本研究自2011年7月至2012年5月止於屏東科技大學校區東南側之香楠林地內裸露地以天竺草、雞屎藤、血桐、芒萁及山柚等5種敷蓋材料進行敷蓋處理試驗，藉以探討敷蓋處理後之近地表微氣候及水分含量變化特性與趨勢，進而提供試區適合之敷蓋處理方式。在採一倍樹高之距離進行整平作業後之試區分別設置1 m×1 m試驗小區計18個及1個裸露對照區，採完全逢機方式將各敷蓋材料以1、3及5 cm厚度，配合具有與不具有根莖處理方式，施設於各試驗小區。同時於試區居中區域設置氣象站及感測元件，以觀測2 m高度處觀測試驗區之氣溫、相對濕度、降雨量、全天日射量、地表與土層5 cm深度處地溫及土層5 cm深度處土壤水分含量。結果整理如後：試區於觀測期間受周邊高大植被影響而使得全天日射量及氣溫均低於以草類覆蓋之觀測坪。當試區由雞屎藤、天竺草、血桐、芒萁及山柚之敷蓋處理下近地表土層內之地溫，所得較佳敷蓋厚度在天氣炎熱狀態下，分別為3.8、4.2、3.9、4.4及3.9 cm；在寒冷狀態下於雞屎藤、天竺草及血桐之敷蓋處理下，分別為3.9、3.6及4 cm。敷蓋材料無論具有根莖與否，都將具有減緩地表溫度變化幅度之功效。在各敷蓋處理下近地表土層內排水時間均與降雨量呈現顯著正相關之關係。

關鍵字

敷蓋 ； 地溫 ； 土壤水分含量 ； 微氣候

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to find the suitable mulching for reclamation by micro-climatic properties and soil moisture variation nearby the ground surface layer after different mulching treatments. All the observation had performed in the Machiilus Zuihoensis woodland which was reclaimed by leveling operation and kept one times tree height from surrounding canopy, and located at Southeastern side of National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, and observational duration was since July 2011 to May 2012. There were five mulching materials: Panicum maximum(天竺草), Paederia foetida(雞屎藤), Macaranga tanarius(血桐), Dicranopteris dichotoma(芒萁) and Champereia manillana(山柚) had provided for experiment in eighteen small plots (1m×1m) and one blank plot, individually. The implemental treatments included as, three species of mulching materials; three cover depth in 1, 3 and 5 cm; plant residue with and without first bifurcation, were random completely set in each small plot. The meteorological station had set in the middle side of plot to measure air temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and global solar radiation. To set sensors in all small plots could measure the earth temperature with 0 and 5 cm depth, and soil moisture in 5 cm depth. The results could be summarized as follow. The surrounding taller vegetation would affect solar radiation and air temperature of the reclaimed land to be less than meteorological station with grass cover. The optimum depth of mulching for Panicum maximum, Paederia foetida, Macaranga tanarius, Dicranopteris dichotoma and Champereia manillana were 3.8, 4.2, 3.9, 4.4 and 3.9 cm in torrid weather, and Panicum maximum, Paederia foetida, Macaranga tanarius were 3.9, 3.6 and 4 cm in cold surge. All the mulching could decrease the variation of earth temperature whatever with or without branch. The desorption time of ground surface layer was closely correlated to rainfall in a positive increasing tendency.

並列關鍵字

Mulching ； Earth Temperature ； Soil Moisture Content ； Micro-climatic

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