探討激勵機制設計對多站點自行車租賃服務系統的影響

A Study on the Influence of Incentive Mechanism over Multi-Station Bike Rental System

林緯帆(WeiFan Lin)

指導教授 ： 林勢敏

國立屏東科技大學/管理學院/工業管理系所/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2013.00062

摘要

公共自行車系統已經遍布於五大洲。如今，在世界各地已有超過100個公共自行車系統、139,300輛公共自行車。許多國家希望藉由自行車融入大眾運輸的方式提升民眾的環保意識，目前國內部份縣市亦在進行相關系統的推廣。公共自行車系統的使用模式多為單程使用及短期租借，系統管理者必須透過運補搬移自行車的方式，平衡各站點的租借與歸還需求。由於消費者對於公共自行車系統的即興式需求，使系統充滿了高度的不確定性，滿足消費者需求同時效率化自行車運補作業將是一項極大的挑戰。本研究有別於以往只聚焦於發展效率化運補作業的方法，提出將激勵機制建立於系統中，透過以激勵租借者在有限時間內將自行車歸還於特定站點為主，效率化自行車運補作業為輔的方式平衡各站點的需求。本研究根據一些參數設計一套激勵機制，以問卷調查的方式蒐集影響自行車使用者之行為偏好，利用聯合分析法萃取成分效用值而模擬使用者對於使用機制的決策。本研究經由實驗法驗證顯示內建激勵機制的公共自行車系統可顯著改善運補車總路徑距離，民眾亦能夠順利地租借到自行車，提升服務水準。

關鍵字

公共自行車租賃系統 ； 供需平衡 ； 激勵機制設計 ； 車輛途程問題 ； 聯合分析法

並列摘要

The public bike rental system has been adopted in all five continents. Nowadays, more than 100 bike rental systems have been built and 139,300 bikes provided for the public. Many countries are desirous of enhancing their citizens' environmental consciousness by integrating the bike rental system into their public transportation system. In Taiwan, some cities, Kaohsiung and Taipei for example, have been promoting the system for years. The public bike rental system is mainly used for one-way and short-distance trips and each station have fix amount of bikes and parking racks. In such condition, imbalance of bike demand and supply among the rental stations are very likely to happen. To redress the imbalance, system manager has to continuously shift the bikes among the rental stations. It's a big challenge to effectively and efficiently shift the bikes so as to satisfy the renters' demands and meanwhile to minimize the shift time and cost due to the uncertainty and dynamics of the problem. This study introduced an incentive mechanism into the bike rental system to motivate the renters to return their bikes to assigned stations during specific time intervals and then to manage the imbalance problem. To determine the system parameters and to accordingly design the incentive mechanism, this study formulated the renters' decision models by conducting a survey to collect renters' preferences and then using Conjoint Analysis to extract renters' utilities. The incentive mechanism was assessed by simulation. The simulation results indicate that the incentive mechanism can not only lower down the bike shift costs but also increase the service level of the system in satisfying public's rent and return demands.

並列關鍵字

Public rental bicycle system ； Balance between supply and demand ； Incentive mechanism design ； Vehicle routing problem ； Conjoint Analysis

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