玉米及配合飼料於貯存期間黃麴毒素、赭麴毒素A、伏馬鐮孢毒素及玉米赤黴烯酮含量變化

Changes in Levels of Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin A, Fumonisin and Zearalenone in Stored Corn and Complete Feed

黃莉雅(Li-Ya Huang)

指導教授 ： 鄭長義 ； 張秀鑾

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/動物科學與畜產系/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2014.00002

摘要

本文旨在探討台灣進口玉米及配合飼料，於貯存期間黃麴毒素（aflatoxin, AF）、赭麴毒素A（ochratoxin A, OTA）、伏馬鐮孢毒素（fumonisin, FB）及玉米赤黴烯酮（zearalenone, F-2）等含量變化。本研究包括二個試驗，試驗期間為2011年7月1日至2012年8月31日，共14個月。樣品萃取後以含單株抗體之免疫親和管純化，再以美國VICAM Series-4EX 螢光機加以判讀。試驗一：逢機採樣由美國、巴西及印度進口之飼料玉米樣品共29件，貯存期間每隔10日，檢測上述四種黴菌毒素之含量。試驗二：逢機採樣台灣農生公司，路竹飼料工廠生產之蛋雞、小豬及母豬等三種完全配合飼料樣品共32件，貯存期間每隔10日，檢測上述四種黴菌毒素之含量。結果顯示：（一）自美國及巴西進口之玉米黃麴毒素含量較低且穩定，而印度進口之玉米品質則較難掌握，尤以黃麴毒素含量高低相差甚大，檢出最大值為330 ppb。然不論美國、巴西及印度進口之玉米，赭麴毒素A、伏馬鐮孢毒素及玉米赤黴烯酮等三種毒素含量皆不高。就不同季節進口之玉米毒素含量比較顯示：涼季進口之玉米黃麴毒素及伏馬鐮孢毒素含量較熱季者高；而貯存期間在30日以內者，其貯存期長短對本研究探討之四種黴菌毒素含量無顯著影響。（二）蛋雞、小豬及母豬等三種配合飼料中，黃麴毒素含量皆符合國家標準；檢測平均值分別為0.46、1.20及3.72 ppb。惟母豬料黃麴毒素檢出最大值為21.3 ppb，疑因使用受污染之印度玉米所致。又涼季生產之配合飼料中黃麴毒素及赭麴毒素A含量較熱季者為高；且飼料貯存期 (30日以內) 之長短對四種黴菌毒素含量亦無顯著影響。致飼料廠採購玉米入廠後，其貯存日數以不超過30日為宜，以免影響配合飼料之品質；又牧場購入蛋雞、小豬及母豬等粉狀配合飼料時，其貯存日數亦以不超過30日為宜。

關鍵字

玉米 ； 貯存日數 ； 黃麴毒素 ； 赭麴毒素 ； 伏馬鐮孢毒素 ； 玉米赤黴烯酮

並列摘要

The aim of this study was to investigate the changing levels of aflatoxin, ochratoxin A, fumonisin, and zearalenone between in imported feed corn and complete feed during the storage period. This study was conducted during July 2011 and August 2012. Immunoaffinity method and Series-4EX fluoromter (VICAM) where used this study. In experiment 1, a total of 29 random samples of feed imported from USA, Brazil and India were detected every 10 days during the 30 days of storage for described above. In experiment 2, a total of 32 random samples of layer, piglet and sow's complete feed from Taiwan Non Sheng Co., Ltd. were detected for mycotoxins assay with procedures was the same as in experiment 1. The aflatoxin concentration was lower and more stable for feed corn imported from USA and Brazil compared with from India, and more variable aflatoxin content was observed in India feed corn the maximum value up to 330 ppb. However, levels of the rest mycotoxins was not significant different. Corn imported during cool season had higher aflatoxin and fumonisin contents than those imported during hot season. Storage period of effect was not significant within this study. The average aflatoxin concentrations in the complete feed for layers, piglets and sows were respectively 0.46, 1.20 and 3.72 ppb, which were in compliance with national standards (CNS). Nevertheless, a maximum of 21.3 ppb for aflatoxin in sow's complete feed was detected, which was alleged owing to add contaminated Indian corn. The Higher levels of aflatoxin and ochratoxin A were found in cool season than in hot ones. No storage period of effect was observed for mycotoxins content in this study. In summary, the recommendations for feed mill are: (1) quality control should be the first consideration and raw materials should be analyzed the presence of mycotoxins before used to produce feed, (2) storage period of feed corn and complete feed should not exceed 30 days.

並列關鍵字

Corn ； Storage duration ； Aflatoxin ； Ochratoxin ； Fumonisin ； Zearalenone

參考文獻

中國文化大學生物科技研究所 編譯。1980。世界玉米黃麴毒素研究專輯。台灣區雜糧發展基金會。

行政院衛生署。CNS 2432。玉蜀黍。

行政院衛生署。CNS 3027。配合飼料（家禽、家畜用）。

行政院衛生署。食品衛生管理法。食品中真菌毒素限量標準。

Pereyra, C. M., L. R. Cavaglieri, S. M. Chiacchiera, and A. M. Dalcero. 2010. Fungi and mycotoxins in feed intended for sows at different reproductive stages in Argentina. Vet. Med. Int. 18:31-36.