世界上黑色鋪面道路是最容易吸熱的道路建材,然而台灣屬於亞熱帶海島型國家,更易產生熱島效應。本研究於國立屏東科技大學一級教學氣象站內設置不同鋪面材料試體直接曝曬在大氣下,經由溫度自動記錄器監測鋪面溫度變化及潛式蒸發散與輻射能,藉以探討不同鋪面材料對於潛式蒸發散與輻射能及熱島效應之影響。研究中利用馬歇爾與低密度透水混凝土配比設計方法,設計出TFT廢液晶玻璃瀝青混凝土、彩色底渣透水水泥混凝土、紅色底渣瀝青混凝土、TFT廢液晶玻璃底渣瀝青混凝土、密級配瀝青混凝土等不同鋪面型態與鋪面日照溫度和進行潛式蒸發散與輻射能比較。 由研究結果得知彩色透水底渣混凝土溫度監測值皆低於鋪面日照溫度3~5℃,而改質Ⅲ型透水瀝青混凝土與鋪面日照溫度幾乎相同,皆對於熱島效應有抑制的作用。由透水鋪面溫度量測結果得知,孔隙率有效提升,除了可以協助舖面材料降溫以外,孔隙率大小對於舖面溫差反應有絕對之影響,且於數據中得知對應鋪面日照溫度差異約5℃。台灣普遍使用的密級配瀝青混凝土鋪面材料,則較鋪面日照溫度高出5~6℃。而TFT廢液晶玻璃、紅色底渣及玻璃底渣瀝青混凝土皆與密級配瀝青混凝土,溫差反應數據中趨近相同,所以得知使用TFT廢液晶玻璃、紅色底渣及玻璃底渣瀝青混凝土與密級配瀝青混凝土對降低熱島效應是改善效果不顯著的。 研究結果可知鋪面設計如需快速發散熱量必須要有介質加速反應,其介質概分為輻射能、水氣、風速、日照、相對溼度等,而其中在鋪面孔隙中以存有水份的潛式蒸發熱反應是為最快速。由研究結果也可由潛式蒸發熱與輻射能對應在不同鋪面型態的斜率及R2值得知,故透水鋪面在市區道路使用時,可在夜間使用高壓噴水車執行鋪面清掃動作外,在清掃鋪面同時,除可使透水鋪面空係率之阻塞降低外,並可於孔洞中暫存水分,在不同鋪面型態受其日照加熱時,可加速鋪面熱氣逸散,達到涼爽鋪面之成效,且達成有效降低熱島效應之鋪面環境。
To evaluate the impacts of different paving materials on the potential evapotranspiration, radiation energy reflection, and heat island effect, this study works on the specimens of different paving materials which are directly installed beside the level I weather station in National Pingtung University of Science and Technology (NPUST). Each specimen contains an automatic temperature recorder to monitor the temperature change of the pavement, so as to assesses the potential evapotranspiration and the radiation energy value (Ra) reflected by sunlight. This study uses the Marshall and Lean permeable concrete design processes to work out 6 different pavement patterns, they are one bottom slag concrete of color, one dense graded asphalt concrete, and four other asphalt concretes respectively mixed with TFT glass, red bottom slag, TFT glass of bottom slag, and rubber modified asphalt concrete. The results indicate the temperature in permeable cement concrete with color slag is 3-5℃ lower than the surface temperature of dense graded asphalt concrete (Tsdac) under sunlight, and that of the rubber modified asphalt concrete is nearly the same as the Tsdac. From the temperature change in permeable pavements, it implies that the porosity effectively reduces the temperature rising, and the higher porosity a pavement has could lower pavement temperature more efficiently. The dense graded asphalt concrete, the most commonly used pavement material in Taiwan, has internal temperature 5-6℃ higher than the Tsdac. And in terms of dense graded asphalt concrete with TFT glass, dense graded asphalt concrete with red bottom slag and dense graded asphalt concrete with bottom slag of waste glass, the measured internal temperature are quite similar to each other, and their contribution of reducing the heat island effect may not be remarkable. The research results indicate that a number of factors can affect the heat dissipation of the pavement, such as moisture content of the specimens, and wind speed, sunshine duration, and relative humidity in the environment, etc. However, according to the slope of regression curves and R2 of the potential evaporation heat and radiation energy corresponding to the different pavement patterns, it suggests that the moisture content in the porous pavements is the most significant factor affecting the potential evaporation heat.