- 學位論文
幼蟲食物對印度榖蛾發育、存活與生殖之影響
Effect of Larval Diet on Survival, Development, and Reproduction of Indian meal Moth ( Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
摘要
印度榖蛾，Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) (鱗翅目: 螟蛾科)，可於各種穀物、核果、豆類、乾果及加工食品上發育生長，只要儲存穀物之容器或建築物溫度在10℃以上，印度榖蛾均可存活與繁殖。幼蟲期的取食造成倉儲食品的很大危害。由於害蟲抗藥性及對人類健康的影響，使用藥劑薰蒸的防治法目前正重新評估中。本論文研究目的在瞭解幼蟲食物對印度榖蛾發育、存活與生殖之影響。印度榖蛾於28±1℃，50-60% RH及16:8(L:D)光照的條件下，飼育於高粱(Sorghum bicolor)，玉米(Zea mays)，米糠(Oryza sativa)與菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris)的生活史資料於實驗室中測試收集。考量性別與個體發育之變異，利用兩性年齡-齡期生命表進行資料分析。高粱、玉米、米糠與菜豆飼育之印度榖蛾的內稟增殖率(r)分別為0.1493 d-1、0.1189 d-1、0.0842 d-1 及0.0845d-1，淨增殖率(Ro)分別為130.05、123.24、55.73及34.30後代/雌蟲，平均世代長(T)分別為 32.7、40.5、47.8及41.9日。終極增長率(λ)則分別為1.1610 d-1、1.1263 d-1、1.0882 d-1及1.0879 d-1。此結果顯示不同食物確能影響印度榖蛾的發育、存活與生殖。取食偏好試驗顯示印度榖蛾幼蟲46.5%取食高粱、25%選擇玉米、10%取食米糠及18.5%選擇菜豆。成蟲產卵偏好測試則顯示每次15隻受測雌蟲中有38.15%於高粱，33%於玉米，13.03%於米糠，5.02%於玉米粉、6.44%於菜豆以及4.24%於豆粉上產卵受測食物中高粱為印度榖蛾最為偏好者，使其具高增值率與短世代長。另外，食物中的水分含量似亦影響印度榖蛾之發育及存活，當水含量低或減少時其發育與存活率會降低。就此害蟲管理防治的適當時機而言，害蟲齡期構造的了解無疑的是相當重要的一部份。
並列摘要
Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), can develop on a variety of grains, nuts, beans, meals, dried fruits and processed foods. As long as the temperature within a grain bin or the building where the grains are kept remains above 10 °C, the Indian meal moth can survive and reproduce. The larval stage of this insect can cause much damage to stored products. The use of pesticides for fumigation purposes against insects is currently undergoing re-evaluation due to insect resistance and their hazardousness to human kind. The aim of this investigation is to determine the effect of larval diet on development, survival, and reproduction of Indian meal moth. The life history of P. interpunctella at 28 ± 1 °C, 50-60 % relative humidity, and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L: D) reared on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), corn (Zea mays), rice (Oryza sativa) bran, and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) were collected in the laboratory. To take both sexes and the variable developmental rate among individuals into consideration, the raw data were analysed based on the age-stage two-sex life table. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) of P. interpunctella is 0.1493 d-1, 0.1189 d-1, 0.0842 d-1, and 0.0845 d-1 for sorghum, corn, rice bran, and beans, respectively. The net reproductive rate (Ro) is 130.05, 123.24, 55.73, and 34.30 offspring per female for sorghum, corn, rice bran, and beans, respectively. The mean generation time (T) is 32.7, 40.5, 47.8, and 41.9 days and the finite rate of increase (λ) is 1.1610 d.1, 1.1263 d.1, 1.0882 d.1, and 1.0879 d.1 for sorghum, corn, rice bran, and beans, respectively. As a result of the observed differences due to diet, it is therefore concluded that diet has effect on P. interpunctella development, survival, and reproduction. The preference test showed that P. interpunctella larvae were 46.5 % in sorghum, 25 % in corn, 10 % in rice bran, and 18.5 % in beans. Oviposition test had a preference of 38.15 % in sorghum, 33 % in corn, 13.03 % in rice bran, 5.02 % in corn meal, 6.44 % in beans and 4.24% in bean meal, respectively, from a total of 15 females for all diets. Sorghum was found to be the most preferred diet where the insect can increase at a highest rate and within a shortest possible generation time among the treatments. Secondly, the moisture content of the host seemed to have influence on development, and survival of P. interpunctella in that when it is low or decreasing, insect had lower survival rate. Age-stage structure will undoubtedly be an important part of proper timing of treatments in management of this pest.