發電機使用添加丙酮及異丙醇於廢食用油生質柴油排氣PM與PM上碳成分排放特性

Characteristics of PM and particle-bound carbons emitted from a diesel engine generator fueled by waste-edible-oil-biodiesel with acetone and isopropyl alcohol addition

陳詠舜(Yung-Shun Chen)

指導教授 ： 陳瑞仁

國立屏東科技大學/工學院/環境工程與科學系所/碩士(2013年)

摘要

近年來原油蘊藏量日漸枯竭導致國際原油價格不斷飆升，因此各國紛紛投入替代能源之研發，其中以生質柴油最被廣泛討論與研究。因此，本研究以1～3 %之丙酮（Acetone，簡稱A）、1 %異丙醇（Isopropyl alcohol，簡稱P）分別混合1、3、5、10及20 %酯化廢食用油（Waste-edible-oil-biodiesel，簡稱W）於純石化柴油（76～97 %）之混合生質柴油（Biodieselhol），以探討發電機使用純石化柴油、廢食用油生質柴油添加1～3%純丙酮及1%異丙醇（於0 kW及3 kW下）或使用廢食用油生質柴油添加1～3%含水丙酮及1%異丙醇（於3 kW下）之混合生質柴油（biodieselhol）時PM及PM上OC與EC之排放特性。研究結果顯示：與D100相較，無論有無負載，發電機使用20%以下摻配比之廢食用油生質柴油時均可降低排氣PM及PM上OC濃度，且OC濃度會隨廢食用油生質柴油添加比提高而降低；而PM上EC濃度則隨廢食用油生質柴油添加比例提高而增加。與W1D99、W3D97、W5D95、W10D90及W20D80相較，無論有無負載，發電機無論使用添加丙酮（1～3%）及異丙醇（1%）或添加含水丙酮（1～3%）及異丙醇（1%）於廢食用油生質柴油之混合生質柴油時，其排氣PM上OC濃度大致上均有進一步減量，且PM上OC濃度隨混合生質柴油丙酮或含水丙酮添加比例提高均可再進一步削減。在3 kW負載下，生質柴油摻配比未超過5%時，發電機使用添加1～3%含水丙酮之混合生質柴油均比用純丙酮時可進一步降低其排氣PM濃度。與W1D99、W3D97、W5D95、W10D90及W20D80相較，混合生質柴油純丙酮或含水丙酮添加比在3%時，發電機PM上OC之排放分別可再進一步削減20.7～40.4%（平均32.1%）及11.3～38.9%（平均25.5%）；使用添加1～3%含水丙酮之混合生質柴油時，其排氣PM上EC排放較W1D99、W3D97及W5D95時少，而與W10D90及W20D80時相較則幾乎無差別。本研究結果顯示添加含水丙酮、異丙醇及廢食用油生質柴油之混合生質柴油除可做為石化柴油之替代燃料外，發電機使用此混合生質柴油時亦可降低其排氣PM及PM上OC排放，此未來將有利於含水丙酮廢溶劑之回收與再利用。

關鍵字

酯化廢食用油 ； 丙酮 ； 異丙醇 ； 混合生質柴油 ； 柴油引擎

並列摘要

Many countries have devoted to the research and development of alternative energies because of the decrease of crude oil reserves and the increase in oil price. Bio-diesel is one of alternative energies that have been extensively discussed and studied. This research investigates the characteristics of particulate matter (PM) and particulate carbon emitted from a generator fueled by waste-edible-oil-biodiesel with acetone and isopropyl alcohol addition. The tested biodieselhols were made of pure diesel oil (D100) mixed with 1−3 vol. % pure acetone (denoted as A)/water-containig acetone(denoted as WA), 1−70 vol. % waste-edible-oil-biodiesel (denoted as W), and 1 vol. % pure isopropyl alcohol (the stabilizer, denoted as P). The generator output was set to 110 V/60 Hz. The results show that the use of using waste-edible-oil-biodiesel (less than 20%) in place of D100 as the generator fuel reduced the concentrations of emitted PM and PM-OC, despite loading condition. The OC concentration decreased as the percentage of waste-edible-oil-biodiesel increased, while the PM-EC concentration increased when the percentage of waste-edible-oil-biodiesel increased. Compared with W1D99, W3D97, W5D95, W10D90, and W20D80 which contained added acetone (1−3%) and isopropyl alcohol (IPA, 1%) or water-containing-acetone (1−3%) and IPA (1%) in waste-edible-oil-biodiesel (biodieselhols) as the generator fuel further reduced the PM-OC emission concentration, despite loading operation; moreover, such reduction increased with the the increase of percentage of acetone or water-containing-acetone. At 3-kW load and biodiesel <5%, using 1−3% water-containing-acetone biodieselhols lower PM emission, in compassion to using pure acetone biodieselhols. Compared with W1D99, W3D97, W5D95, W10D90, and W20D80, pure acetone or water-containing-acetone biodieselhols could reduce PM-OC emission by 20.7−40.4% (average 32.1%) or 11.3−38.9% (average 25.5%), respectively. The PM-EC emission was lower for using 1−3% water-containing-acetone biodieselhols than for using W1D99, W3D97, and W5D95, except for using W10D90 and W20D80. The results showed that the blended biodieselhols which contained water-containing-acetone, IPA, and waste-edible-oil-biodiesel may serve as an alternative fuel of fossil diesel to reduce the PM and PM-OC emission from generators, and to improve the recycling and reuse of water-containing-acetone solvents.

並列關鍵字

waste-edible-oil-biodiesel ； acetone ； isopropyl alcohol ； Biodieselhol ； Diesel generator

參考文獻

Abdul-Khalek, I., Kittelson, D., Graskow, B., Wei, Q. et al., 1998, ”Diesel Exhaust Particle Size: Measurement Issues and Trends, ” SAE Technical Paper 980525.

Abelson, P. H., 1995, ”Renewable liquid fuels,” Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 268, pp. 268-955.

Agarwal, A. K. and Das, L. M., 2000, ”Biodiesel Development and Characterization for Use as A Fuel in Compression Ignition Engines,” J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, Vol. 123, pp. 440-447.

Akasaka, Y., Suzuki, T., and Sakaural, Y., 1997, “ Exhaust emissions of a DI diesel engine fueled with blends of biodiesel and low sulfur diesel fuel, ” SAE Technical Paper, 972998.

Alam, M., Song, J., Acharya, R., Boehman, A., and Miller, K., 2004, “Combustion and Emissions Performance of Low-Sulfur, Ultra Low-Sulfur and Biodiesel Blends in a DI Diesel Engine,” SAE Transactions, Technical Paper Number: 2004–01-3024.