指鈸振動特性與敲擊聲音之探討

一對指鈸通常以手持水平方式，並輕輕互相敲擊鈸之外緣，其敲擊聲音呈現銳利和清晰特性，本文旨在探討指鈸的振動和聲音特性。首先，以聲音量測程式來測量指鈸之敲擊聲音，使用不同材質敲擊棒，對單一個指鈸敲擊所產生的敲擊聲音，測量記錄其時間域響應，並透過快速傅立葉轉換以分析取得聲音頻譜，可以求得高峰值的基音頻率和泛音之諧波頻率組成，本文也探討兩個指鈸相互敲擊之撞擊聲音特性。另外，也建立指鈸的有限元素模型，並進行模態分析，以得到指鈸之自然頻率及其相對應的模態振型，以聲音量測得到的結構共振自然頻率為基準，修正指鈸有限元素模型，使得到等效於實際結構之分析模型，並完成模型驗證。從有限元素分析可以明確辨識指鈸結構的振動特性，也可以探討敲擊聲音和振動模態之間的關聯性。本文以有限元素分析以及聲音測量來進行模型驗證，以確定指鈸的振動特性，並了解其敲擊發聲機制，所建立方法並可以應用到其他樂器之研究。

關鍵字

指鈸；敲擊聲音；自然頻率；模態振型

並列摘要

A pair of finger cymbals is played by hanging them horizontally and gently striking the outer edge of cymbals together. The percussion sound reveals sharp and clear. This work aims to study the vibration and sound characteristics of finger cymbal. First, the sound measurement program is used to measure the percussion sound of small cymbals. Single cymbal is struck by different stick heads to produce the percussion sound that is measured to record the time domain response and analyzed by fast Fourier transform (FFT) to obtain the frequency spectrum. The peak amplitudes of frequency contents can be identified for the fundamental frequency and overtone. The impact sound between two cymbals is also studied. The finite element (FE) model for the finger cymbal is then constructed to perform modal analysis so as to obtain natural frequencies and their corresponding mode shapes. Base on the measured resonant frequencies from the sound measurement, the FE model can be updated to be equivalent to the real structure for model verification. The vibration characteristics can be identified from finite element analysis (FEA) and shown the relation between the percussion sound and vibration modes. This work shows the application of model verification by FEA and sound measurement to identify the vibration characteristics of finger cymbal and correlate to its percussion sound .The analgfical approach can be applied to other musical instrument as well.

並列關鍵字

finger cymbal ； percussion sound ； natural frequency ； mode shape

參考文獻

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2.王栢村，李雨軒，張志偉，2002，「銅鑼振動與聲音特性之探討」，中華民國振動與噪音工程學會第十屆學術研討會論文集，第245-252頁。

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指鈸振動特性與敲擊聲音之探討

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