栽培管理對蓮霧(Syzygium samarangense Merr.& Perry)開花及品質之影響

近來，在台灣有關遮陰、疏果等園藝操作及施用萘乙酸對蓮霧生長、發育及品值影響研究之文獻報告並不多，而在其他國家，這些都是果實生產上重要之園藝操作，這也意味著這些方法能調節果實生長、發育、產量及營養品質之生理及生化作用。本研究中共共進行3項可能改進蓮霧品質之試驗。試驗1在於評估施用萘乙酸0(對照)，10及30 ppm對印尼大果種蓮霧品質之影響；試驗2在於調查疏果及套袋(棕色及白色紙袋)對長紅A、長紅B、粉紅種及越南白肉種果實品質之影響；試驗3則是研究利用黑網遮陰對蓮霧產期調節之影響。萘乙酸於蓮霧小芽及花瓣掉落期施用；疏果則將果實疏至每叢6粒；套袋於開花後20天施行並且分別施以0 (對照)、40及80%之遮陰處理。處理後記載果實之理化及生化品質性狀。結果顯示試驗1蓮霧之果長、果寬、平均產量及果肉厚皆以30 ppm 較10 ppm萘乙酸處理者及對照為最高,且每叢的裂果率會隨著萘乙酸處理濃度的提高而降低,以30ppm NAA處理者有最少的裂果。種子數在有處理及未處理的果實中並無顯著差異。30 ppm萘乙酸處理者其總可溶性固形物、pH 及維他命C含量最高，而對照組則含量最低。此外，萘乙酸處理者其果實的可滴定酸含量降低。試驗2結果顯示，疏果與套袋會影響這四種品種的果實的產量與品質。有處理之支條其果實之果長、果寬、平均產量及果肉厚度皆會較未處理者高。套袋可減少果實的裂果率。疏果與套袋會降低每叢果實之裂果率。套袋會些微影響果色(粉紅種)。處理組果實之總可溶性固形物與pH也比對照組高。有處理的果實其可滴定酸含量低。上述兩試驗結果知，於田間進行疏果加上套袋及噴施萘乙酸30ppm對改善蓮霧果實的長度、大小以及生化品質有較佳之效果。試驗3因為未得到預期的結果，因此未來需進行更多之遮陰搭配其他適當處理方法對蓮霧開花時間影響之研究。

關鍵字

蓮霧；萘乙酸；疏果；套袋；品種；品質

並列摘要

Currently, there are limited documented reports on effects of horticultural practice such as shading, fruit thinning and the application of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on fruit growth, development, and quality of wax apple (Syzygium samarangense Merr. & Perry) in Taiwan. NAA and horticultural practices are important means used in fruit production throughout the world. These means regulate several physiological and biochemical aspects of growth, development, yield and quality of fruits. In this study, three experiments were conducted to improve the potential of wax apple fruits as follows; the first experiment evaluated the effect of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) fruit quality of Indonesia wax apple cultivar, the treatments using 10 ppm NAA, 30 ppm NAA and without spray NAA as control. The second experiment evaluated the effect of fruit thinning plus bagging (brown paper bag and white paper bag) on fruit quality of ‘Red A’, ‘Red B’, ‘Pink’, and ‘Vietnam White’ wax apple cultivars. The third experiment tried to force flowering time by shading with black cover net. NAA was sprayed at the small bud and full blossom stage, fruit thinning was controlled to 6 fruits per cluster; bagging was performed about the implementation of 20 days after flowering and shading treatment at 80%, 40% and without shading (control). The physical and biochemical quality characteristics of the fruits were recorded. The result of the first experiment showed fruit length, fruit diameter, average fruit yield, and flesh thickness were highest at 30 ppm NAA treated branches compared to 10 ppm NAA treated and control branches. Fruit cracking decreased with increasing NAA concentrations. Lowest fruit cracking occurred in fruits treated with 30 ppm NAA. Number of seeds has no significant difference between treated and untreated fruits. Total soluble solids (TSS), pH, and vitamin C were also highest in 30 ppm NAA treated fruits and lowest in control fruits. Titratable acidity acid (TA) was decreased in treated fruits. In the second experiment, the result showed that fruit thinning and bagging affected the fruit yield and quality of the four wax apple cultivars. Fruit length, fruit diameter, average fruit yield, and flesh thickness were higher in treated branch than control branches. Fruit cracking decreased with bagging treatment. Lower fruit cracking occurred in fruits treated fruit thinning and bagging. Bagging was slightly affected on fruit color (on Pink cultivar). Total soluble solids (TSS) and pH were also higher in treated fruits compared with control fruits. Titratable acidity (TA) was decreased in treated fruits. From two experiments it can be concluded that fruit thinning plus bagging and spray of NAA 30 ppm showed better effects on fruit length, size and biochemical quality in wax apple fruits under field conditions. The third experiment didn’t get the results as we expected, in the future we need to do more study about the effect of shading on flowering time and combine with other methods.

並列關鍵字

Wax apple ； NAA ； fruit thinning ； bagging ； cultivar ； quality

參考文獻

Huang, C. C., D. N. Wang, and T. D. Liou. 2005 Reduction and prevention of chilling injury by pruning and covering treatments on wax-apple (Syzygium samarangense Merr. et L.M. Perry). Crop, Environment and Bioinformatics 2:73-80.

Kuo, C. T., T. C. Lee, and P. L. Tsai. 1999. Effect of ﬁeld bagging on the quality of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) fruit. Journal of Chinese Society Horticultural Science 45:152-158 (in Chinese with an English abstract).

Wang, D. N. 1985. Effect of cultural and chemical treatments on flower induction of wax apple. Proc. Symp. On forcing culture of fruit trees. p.109-120.

Adams, S. R., S. Pearson, and P. Hadley. 1997. The effects of temperature, photoperiod and light integral on the time to flowering of pansy cv. Universal Violet (Viola×witrockiana Gams). Annals of Botany 80:107-112.

Albrecht, V.A., and Xing, W.D. 1996. Light control of seedling development. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 47:215–43.

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栽培管理對蓮霧(Syzygium samarangense Merr.& Perry)開花及品質之影響

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