自主防災社區認證機制探討

臺灣位處環太平洋地震帶及副熱帶季風區，地理位置特殊，地震及颱風等天然災害不斷，不僅無法避免，地震災害之發生更是難以預測。因此，巨災常態化已成為未來我們必須面對之趨勢，我國更應該防患於未然，於日常生活中建立全國民眾防災意識。當巨大災害發生而外部救援資源未能到達時，民眾除自救外，社區民眾互救為主要救災能量。為使社區組織於災害發生時，有組織與系統性的進行救災，平時須對社區組織進行編組與訓練。而建立社區救災組織運作之評鑑與認證制度，可做為資源分配及救災能量評估之依據。由本文分析可知，自主防災社區組織要持續運作須給予運作動力與資源，運作動力來自社區的領導者與團結程度，而資源提供主要為政府部門的支援。自主防災社區認證須評鑑社區對防災工作之整備作業與運作記錄完整性，社區致災原因之瞭解程度與防災地圖之更新，疏散避難地圖之使用與災害防救計畫之編撰及更新，並評估防災演練之落實程度與演練成果之檢討及應用性。

關鍵字

自主防災社區；認證機制；巨大災害；防災演練

並列摘要

Taiwan is located on the Pacific-rim seismic belt and the subtropical monsoon zone. Earthquakes and typhoons and other natural disasters often occurred for Taiwan special location. Therefore, disaster has become a trend in the future and the disaster mitigation and prevention skills and knowledge have to learn for people lives in Taiwan. When huge disaster occurred and external rescue resources do not arrive, community people need to help each others. To enhance the disaster mitigation and prevention ability of community organization, the community organization has to marshalling and training about disaster rescue skills. To assess the community organization ability of disaster prevention and response ability, the evaluation and certification system has to establish. The results show that the operation power of disaster resistant community comes from the leaders of community and degree of solidarity. The resources supply by government is another decision factor. The community certification is a method for fair allocated resources. Community certification iterms include voluntary disaster preparedness operations, operational records of disaster preparedness, community disaster prevention map, evacuation planing and disaster prevention drills.