發電機使用添加丁醇之廢食用油生質柴油醇排氣多環芳香烴化合物及有機溶劑萃取物之細胞毒性

Emissions of PAHs and cytotoxicity of organic-solvent extracts from the exhaust of a generator fuelled by waste-edible-oil bio-dieselhols blended with butanol

楊証憲(Cheng-Hsien Yang)

指導教授 ： 陳瑞仁

國立屏東科技大學/工學院/環境工程與科學系所/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2015.00221

摘要

近年來因原油蘊藏量減少及國際油價上漲，各國皆紛紛投入替代能源之研發，其中以生質柴油為柴油引擎替代燃料廣受重視及研究。本研究於傳統石化柴油(即 D100)中添加丁醇(Butanol)及廢食用油轉製之生質柴油(Waste-edible-oil biodiesel，以下以 W表示)；此外，為瞭解發電機使用添加含水丁醇對排氣影響，本研究另分別以添加含水(2 % vol)丁醇(Water-containing butanol，簡稱 B')及含水(5 % vol)丁醇(簡稱B'')進行試驗，以探討發電機 3 kW負載下以 B10、B20、B30、B40、B50及B'10、B'20、B'30、B'40、B''10、B''20、B''30與 B''40等為燃料之可行性及排氣多環芳香烴化合物(Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,簡稱PAHs)排放特性。此外，以人類男性單核細胞株(U937)分別以 MTT (3- (4,5dimethyl - thiazol - 2 - yl ) - 2,5 - diphenyltetrazolium bromide)分析法(即 MTT assay)及 PI(Propidium iodide)染色法(即 PI assay)對發電機排氣有機溶劑萃取物進行細胞毒性試驗。研究結果顯示:與 D100相較，無論添加之丁醇是否含水，發電機使用添加丁醇之各混合生質柴油醇時，其排氣 Total-PAHs與 Total-BaPeq均有減量，且均以添加 30 %丁醇(即 B30、B'30及 B''30)時有最大減量；且均可降低其排氣有機溶劑萃取物對 U937之細胞毒性。與無水丁醇相較，使用各含水丁醇時，其排氣 LMW-PAHs濃度均有進一步減量，而部分摻配比時其排氣 MMW-及 HMW-PAHs濃度不減反稍增加，然排氣 Total-PAHs濃度均有減量；且使用 B'20、B'30、B'40、B''10及 B''30等含水丁醇時，其排氣 Total-BaPeq亦有進一步減量。與 2 %含水丁醇相較，丁醇含水率5 %時其排氣 Total-PAHs濃度之減量均增加。與無水丁醇相較，使用含水(2 %或 5 %)丁醇之混合生質柴油醇時可進一步再降其排氣有機溶劑萃取物對 U937之細胞毒性。以MTT及 PI assay兩方法測得排氣有機溶劑萃取物對U937 之死亡率(即細胞毒性)均隨丁醇添加比例提高(在 10~30 %時)而降低或增加(在 40或 50 %時)，且 PI assay測得之細胞毒性均較 MTT assay值稍大。

關鍵字

發電機 ； 廢食用油生質柴油 ； 丁醇 ； 多環芳香烴化合物 ； 細胞毒性

並列摘要

In recent years, the development of alternative energies has attracted great attention due to the depletion of crude oil reserves and the rise in oil prices. Moreover, many efforts have been made aiming to use biodiesel as the alternative fuel of diesel engines. In this study, conventional diesel (D100), D100+waste-edible-oil-biodiesel (W)+ butanol (B), D100+W+2% vol water-containing butanol (B'), and D100+W+5% vol water-containing butanol (B'') were tested as the fuels to investigate their effects on the emission characteristics (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and cytotoxicity of organic-solvent extracts) from a generator at 3 kW load. Different fuels denoted as B10, B20, B30, B40, B50, B'10, B'20, B'30, B'40, B''10, B''20, B''30, and B''40 were used in experiments. For cytotoxicity measurements, human male monocytic cell line (U937) was tested using 3-(4,5dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) analysis (i.e. MTT assay) and propidium iodide (PI) staining method (i.e. PI assay) to investigate the cytotoxicity of organic solvent extracts from generator emissions. The results showed that compared with D100, using water-containing and -free butanol-added waste-edible-oil biodiesel reduced total-PAHs and total-BaPeq. The maximum reduction was observed when using the fuels with 30% butanol addtion (i.e., B30, B'30, and B''30), and all these fuels decreased the cytotoxicity (to U937) of organic solvent extracts from the emissions. Compared with water-free butanol, using water-containing butanol could further reduce the emission concentrations of LMW-PAHs. However, at certain addition percentages, the emission concentrations of MMW- and HMW-PAHs increased; nevertheless, the concentrations of total-PAHs decreased. When using water-containing butanol (B'20, B'30, B'40, B''10, and B''30), the emission concentration of total-BaPeq was further reduced. Compared with 2 % water-containing butanol, using 5 % water-containing butanol could reduce more total-PAHs emission. Compared with water-free butanol, using water-containing butanol (2 % or 5 %) added waste-edible-oil biodiesel further reduced the cytotoxicity (to U937) of organic solvent extracts from the emissions. When using the MTT and PI assays to test the cytotoxicity to U937 for the organic solvent extracts from the emissions, the mortality of U937 decreased as the added butanol percentage increased in the range of 10−30 % but that increased as the added butanol percentage was 40% or 50 %. Moreover, the cytotoxicity obtained in PI assay was slightly higher than that observed in MTT assay.

並列關鍵字

Diesel generator ； Waste-edible-oil bio-dieselhol ； Butanol ； Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ； Cytotoxicity

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