花東茶區土壤及茶樹營養調查與診斷之研究

Nutrition Analysis and Diagnosis on Soil and Tea Trees in Eastern Taiwan Tea Gardens

余錦安(Chin-An Yu)

指導教授 ： 王鐘和 ； 謝清祥

國立屏東科技大學/國際學院/熱帶農業暨國際合作系/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2015.00252

摘要

本試驗目的在於調查建立花東茶區土壤理化性質資料，進行土壤和作物營養診斷分析，藉由瞭解農地的生產潛力及土壤特性，以及進行葉面施肥對茶樹產量及品質之影響，做為推薦合理施肥量及施肥方法之參考依據，以降低施肥成本及生態環境維護的雙重成效。
由花東茶區營養調查結果顯示，中央山脈茶區土壤肥力並不缺乏，但縱谷茶區土壤則呈現偏酸性，土壤有效性磷含量尚屬豐富，有機質含量、有效性鉀及鎂含量較缺乏，海岸山脈茶區底土有效性磷含量稍缺乏，有效性鈣及鎂含量豐富。茶樹嫩葉之氮、磷、鉀含量皆高於老葉，鈣、錳含量則呈現相反的趨勢，鋅、銅含量則無一致性。葉片主要元素之氮、磷、鉀、鈣、鎂含量，以及微量元素之鐵、錳、銅、鋅含量大多屬適宜範圍，不同茶區有相同的趨勢。
葉面施肥試驗處理包括（T1）低氮高有機質液肥、（T2）高氮低有機質液肥、（T3）高氮化學液肥及（CK）慣行施用化學肥料，由試驗結果顯示，不同處理茶樹芽葉農藝性狀差異不大。茶菁產量以高氮低有機質液肥（T2）高於其他處理，而且隨著茶季漸趨明顯。葉面施肥具有養分補充之效果。四個茶季對照組（CK）之氨基酸含量皆高於葉面施肥，其他化學成分差異並不大。而且葉面施肥尚能夠提升製茶品質。

關鍵字

花東茶區 ； 茶樹 ； 土壤 ； 營養元素 ； 葉面施肥

並列摘要

The purposes of this study were to investigate the soil physicochemical properties of tea trees plantation in eastern Taiwan and to analyze the relationship between the soil and the nutrition contents of plants. Based on the references of the tea farmlands’ potential productivity, soil properties, and the effect on tea tree yields and quality by foliar fertilization, the recommended reasonable fertilizing quantity and method could reduce fertilizer costs and maintain ecological environment.
The nutrition content survey of tea trees in eastern Taiwan revealed that the soil fertility status in tea estate of the Central Mountain Range district is moderate. However, the soil at the East Rift Valley district is slightly acidic. Its soil available P content is slightly high, while the organic matter, the exchangeable K and Mg content is low. As to the tea estate of the Seashore Mountain Range district, its subsoil available P content is slightly low but exchangeable Ca and Mg are high. Total N, P, and K contents in young leaves of tea trees are much higher than the old ones. However, the contents of total Ca and Mn are contrary to the former results. The contents of total Zn and Cu are inconsistent. Mostly, the contents of the main elements of leaves—N, P, K, Ca, and Mg— are adequate and so are the ones of the microelements of leaves—Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn. Different tea tree districts have similar results.
Foliar fertilization application included: experimental groups—T1( Low N organic liquid fertilizer), T2(High N organic liquid fertilizer ), and T3(High N chemical liquid fertilizer) and control group (CK, conventional). The results showed that there were no significant differences among between different foliar fertilization tests on the agronomic characteristics of tea trees, but T2 showed higher yield than the other treatments; especially when closed to approaching the winter tea season, the more obvious the results showed. Moreover, T1, T2, and T3 played important roles in nutrient replenishment. For four tea seasons in Taiwan, the contents of total free amino acid of CK treatment are higher than the other treatments, while the results of other treatment showed no significant differences. In conclusion, applying foliar fertilization such as, T1, T2, and T3 can improve the tea quality.

並列關鍵字

Tea Garden in Eastern Taiwan ； Tea tree ； Soil ； Nutrient ； Foliar fertilization

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