臺東地區番荔枝種植使用搬運車附掛施肥撒布機之探討

Evaluation of Fertilizer Spreader Device with Farm Wagon on Sugar Apple Farm in Taitung

黃政龍(Jenglung Huang)

指導教授 ： 陳光堯

國立屏東科技大學/國際學院/熱帶農業暨國際合作系/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2015.00256

摘要

番荔枝為臺東地區重要果樹，目前主要施肥方式以人工撒布為主，非常辛勞費工，過去曾開發多款施肥機械，但由於價格、機械穩定性等問題未能有效推廣於番荔枝果園使用。本試驗以行政院農業委員會臺東區農業改良場研發之搬運車附掛施肥撒布機為工具，探討其撒布特性、耗油量及作業效率，並於太麻里番荔枝果園冬期果期間，分別以機械施肥3次肥料用量1,600公斤/公頃、機械施肥5次肥料用量1,440公斤/公頃，及人工施肥3次肥料用量1,600公斤/公頃等不同處理，於施肥前後採取土壤及植體分析，最後採取果實比較重量差異。結果顯示搬運車附掛施肥撒布機適用於番荔枝果園施肥作業，且可撒布各種型式之肥料，作業之油耗總合為1.93公升/公頃，平均效率為1.43公頃/小時，較人工作業效率(0.2公頃/小時)提升7倍以上。在土壤成分分析結果顯示，成分變化似乎與處理無相對關係。葉片營養分析結果，在不同處理後氮、磷及鉀的成分均有提升，其中以機械施肥5次肥料用量1,440公斤/公頃之方式，增幅最大。果重統計分析結果，各處理之間沒有顯著差異。經濟成本分析結果顯示若以新臺幣35,000元購置相關機械，管理面積達1公頃以上，其機械施肥作業成本可低於人工施肥作業成本。

關鍵字

番荔枝 ； 施肥 ； 搬運車附掛施肥撒布機 ； 經濟成本分析

並列摘要

Sugar apple is one of most important fruit tree in Taitung. Farmers usually applied fertilizer by hand, which is a hard work and very lobar-intensive. There were different kinds of fertilizer spreaders developed before, but none has been successfully used in sugar apple orchard because of price, mechanical stability, and other issues. We used a fertilizer spreader device with farm wagon developed by Taitung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan for this research. Experiments were conducted to exam characteristics of the spreader, its fuel consumption and operation efficiency. The fertilizer experiment consisted of 3 treatments: using mechanical spreader three times with fertilizer 1600 kg/ha, using mechanical spreader five times with fertilizer 1440 kg/ha (90%), and hand applying three times with fertilizer 1600 kg/ha. The mineral content of soil and leaf before and after fertilizer treatment were analyzed and individual fruit weight was recorded. Results showed that the fertilizer spreader device with farm wagon can effectively apply different types of fertilizers in sugar apple orchard. The average operation rate is 1.43 ha/hr, which was 7 times of manual operation rate (0.2 ha/hr). The average fuel consumption was 1.93 l/ha. The soil analysis showed soil nitrogen content was not affected by different treatments. Leaf analysis showed all treatments can increase the content of N, P and K respectively, and using mechanical spreader five times with fertilizer 1440 kg/ha (90%) showed the largest effect. There was no significant difference among fruit weight. Based on the cost analysis, to purchase spreader machinery at 35,000 NT dollars and operate on a minimum area of 1ha could be more cost efficient than that of hand applying operation.

並列關鍵字

sugar apple ； fertilizer ； fertilizer spreader device with farm wagon ； cost analysis

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