- 學位論文
武陵地區黃魚鴞(Ketupa flavipes)之移動模式與幼鳥播遷
Movement Pattern and Natal Dispersal of Tawny Fish Owls (Ketupa flavipes) in Wuling
摘要
本研究於2010至2015年針對武陵地區的6隻黃魚鴞(Ketupa flavipes)成鳥(3雄3雌)和4隻幼鳥，進行每月3-5天的無線電追蹤，追蹤時間最長的個體是3年6個月、最短2天。結果顯示，繁殖期間(2-6月)的黃魚鴞雄鳥的移動模式顯著大於雌鳥(p < 0.001)，雄鳥每2小時平均移動1.13 ± 1.17 km、單夜總移動距離為5.47 ± 2.79 km、單夜活動溪流長度3.24 ± 1.58 km，雌鳥則為0.16 ± 0.46 km、0.95 ± 1.94 km和0.42 ± 0.80 km。反映雄鳥負責提供食物、雌鳥負責孵卵、育雛和護巢的分工行為。 本研究利用幼鳥離巢後與巢樹距離的平均值、親幼鳥的日棲點與活動點距離、幼鳥何時離開親鳥活動範圍、親幼鳥活動範圍的重疊比例等方法作為判定播遷的依據。結果顯示，武陵地區的黃魚鴞幼鳥在離巢4個月內大多在巢區附近活動，且與雌鳥的距離(1.23 ± 1.71 km)相對高於雄鳥(1.41 ± 1.15 km, p = 0.573)，幼鳥大致在離巢7-8個月後獨立，但仍會在出生地附近徘徊。黃魚鴞幼鳥獨立後(8-29個月)的單夜活動範圍與成鳥沒有顯著差異，但夜晚的總移動距離(2.59 ± 1.86 km)仍顯著小於成鳥(3.70 ± 2.38, p = 0.001)。亞成鳥M136離巢三年後在親鳥的領域附近與其他個體配對，疑似進行繁殖；M139離巢二年後離開武陵地區，最後一次定位在11.5 km外的合歡溪。2010年產出的F199在2013年於大甲溪下游支流被發現，並且已配對繁殖，距離出生地44 km。
並列摘要
From 2010 to 2015, I investigated 10 radio-tagged Tawny fish owls (Ketupa flavipes) in Wuling, including 6 adults and 4 juveniles. The longest tracking period was 3.5 years, and the shortest was two days. I found that the movement distance of males is significantly greater than females when they are breeding, which may imply that males are responsible for searching foods and females are responsible for laying egg and brooding chicks. I used five parameters to determine when the fledglings reached independence: 1. the average distance between dispersal sites and the nest trees 2. the distance of roosting sites between parents and fledgling 3. the distance of activity sites between parents and fledgling 4. the timing fledglings leaving their parent’s home range 5. the ratio of home range overlapping between fledglings and their parents. The results showed that fledglings stayed around their nest during the first 4 months. The distance between fledgling and females was closer than that to males. On average, fledglings reached independence after they left the nest for 7-8 months, but they would still wander in their natal area. During this independent period (8-29 months), there is no difference between the home range per night of fledgling and adult, but the movement distance per night of fledglings was significantly less than adults. Subadult M136 wandered around its parent’s territory after he left the nest, settled down and paired at nearby stream section in the third year. However, subadult M139 has left Wuling area when he was 2 years old. The last location of M139 was 11.5 km away from the nest. F199 who was born in 2010 was found at downstream of Daja River and has bred there, and the distance between F199 and natal area is 44 km.