- 學位論文
宏都拉斯吳郭魚(Oreochromis spp.)養殖產業之競爭力分析
The competitiveness analysis of the tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) industry in Honduras
摘要
水產養殖產業目前已供應全球半數以上之水產品需求產量，且滿足未來持續成長之糧食及經濟需求。全球水產養殖物種中，吳郭魚類(Oreochromis spp.）為普及且具高經濟價值之魚種之一。 宏都拉斯在全球吳郭魚養殖產業國家中，經濟成長最為顯著者，且為中美洲地區最主要之吳郭魚生產國。本研究之目的為透過調查方式，以瞭解宏都拉斯之吳郭魚養殖產業之生產狀況及經營成本。 研究結果顯示，宏都拉斯吳郭魚養殖產業可區分為四種主要養殖場規模。養殖場規模以1到5公頃最多，土池及箱網為主要養殖設施，生產期間以雇用5名以下員工為主，以單養為該國之主要養殖方式，魚苗主要購自其他養殖場，養殖戶以商業飼料為飼料來源之比例顯著高於天然餌料及自製飼料。養殖戶之養殖週期主要於六個月之內完成。另由於養殖戶可直接接觸消費者，且多為熟客，故多數養殖戶無停養之情形。另外，本研究利用波特鑽石理論模型評估宏都拉斯吳郭魚貿易之主要障礙為相關產業及政府因素。而主要生產成本為飼料（63.76至78.33%），魚苗（5.29至8.81%）及人事成本（4.51至10.98%）。 依據研究結果，未來宏都拉斯之水產養殖政策應著重於養殖戶之成本管理，並制定具體之產業輔導政策，將有利於宏都拉斯吳郭魚養殖產業之永續發展。
並列摘要
The global aquaculture industry currently contributes nearly half of the world’s seafood consumptions, and represents the main potential to respond the growing demand for food and economic needs. Among the various main aquaculture species, the tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) is one of the popular and high economic value species in global aquaculture industry. All the developing countries which increase in tilapia culture, The Republic of Honduras is one of the high economic growth countries in tilapia industry development. Moreover, Honduras is the largest tilapia producers in Central America. The main objective of this study was to understand the current production status and operating costs of tilapia culture in Honduras through survey. Results indicated that the tilapia farms may divide into four scale levels in Honduras. Furthermore, farm size ranged from 1 to 5 hectares, which employed five or less farm workers throughout the production cycle by earthen ponds and cage culture in monoculture systems. Fish fry were mostly purchased from other culture farm. The use of commercial feed was significantly higher than natural bait or homemade feed. Length of the culture cycle was less than six months. In addition, produce can directly contacted with buyers and regular customers. Therefore, most farmers are not considering to change their jobs. Furthermore, this research method uses the Michael Porter’s diamond model to evaluate that the most important barriers of Hondurans tilapia trade including the related and supporting industries and government factors. The results demonstrate that, the major costs of tilapia aquaculture production are feed (63.76 to 78.33%), fry (5.29 to 8.81%), and labors (4.51 to 10.98%). The conclusions, of this study suggest that future aquaculture policies could be based on these study results, with an emphasis on the associated measures of farming cost management for the farmers and formulate specific industrial policy which would benefit Hondurans tilapia industry for sustainable development.