台灣地區豬隻多發性漿膜炎病因學調查

Etiological surveillance of porcine polyserositis in Taiwan

王玲芳(Ling-Fang Wang)

指導教授 ： 邱明堂

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/獸醫學系所/碩士(2016年)

摘要

多發性漿膜炎為多處漿膜，如胸膜、心囊膜、腹膜及關節囊膜，有漿液性至纖維素性滲出液蓄積的一種疾病，本病可導致豬隻生長遲緩甚至死亡，造成養豬產業巨大的經濟損失。副豬嗜血桿菌 (Haemophilus parasuis)、黴漿菌 (Mycoplasma hyorhinis) 及豬鏈球菌 (Streptococcus suis) 雖屬健康豬隻上呼吸道之常在菌叢，但也皆被認為是引起多發性漿膜炎之主因。台灣豬場中多發性漿膜炎為常見的疾病之一，但較少針對此病進行病因分析，因此，本研究針對豬隻多發性漿膜炎之病例進行病因學分析及其藥物感受性試驗 (Antimicrobial susceptibility test)，除藉以了解造成台灣豬隻多發性漿膜炎的各種病原發生率外，並找出合適的治療藥物劑量。臨床病例剖檢為多發性漿膜炎感染之豬隻，以拭子採集其腹腔、胸腔、心囊腔、關節囊腔及腦膜等再進行細菌分離、分子生物學檢測、藥物感受性試驗及抗生素最小抑制濃度試驗 (Minimal inhibitory concentration, MIC)。自2013年9月至2015年9月期間共有1,303例豬隻檢體，其中262例為多發性漿膜炎，隨機採樣100例多發性漿膜炎並例之拭子樣本進行病原學分析，其中哺乳豬 (1-4週齡) 有11例，保育豬 (5-12週齡) 則有89例，哺乳豬群中以M. hyorhinis之檢出率佔多數 (18.2%; 2/11)，其次為H. parasuis (9.1%; 1/11) 及S. suis (9.1%; 1/11)，而保育豬群則以H. parasuis之檢出率較高 (33.7%; 30/89)，其次為M. hyorhinis (16.9%; 15/89)。細菌分離結果共有41例分離出H. parasuis；另有5例分離出S. suis。H. parasuis之分離部位以胸膜 (63%; 26/41) 佔多數，其次為心囊腔 (51%; 21/41) 及腹膜 (34%; 14/41)，腦膜與關節囊腔 (20%; 8/41) 之分離率較低。分子生物學檢測結果以H. parasuis檢出率占多數 (42%; 42/100)，其次為M. hyorhinis (30%; 30/100) 及S. suis (8%; 8/100)。MIC檢測結果顯示ceftiofur、amoxicillin及doxycycline具有良好之抗菌性，其MIC50值分別為0.0015 μg/mL、0.12 μg/mL及 0.03 μg/mL。本研究結果顯示台灣豬隻多發性漿膜炎之病例發生率高，而其主要致病原為H. parasuis，其次是M. hyorhinis，而S. suis感染之病例則較少。ceftiofur、amoxicillin及doxycycline對H. parasuis之感受性佳，為治療為H. parasuis之首選藥物。

關鍵字

多發性漿膜炎 ； 抗生素最小抑制濃度 ； 副豬嗜血桿菌 ； 豬鏈球菌 ； 鼻炎黴漿菌

並列摘要

Polyserositis, was defined as fibrinous pleuritis, pericarditis, peritonitis and arthritis as necropsy, is occurred widely in pig farms in Taiwan. Growth retardation and highly mortality caused by polyserositis result massive economic loss in the swine industry. Haemophilus parasuis, Mycoplasma hyorhinis and Streptococcus suis, which are the major causative microorganisms of polyserositis in pigs, belong to the normal flora in upper respiratory tract of healthy pigs. Due to the lack of etiological study of porcine polyserositis in Taiwan, effective control and prevention strategies applied in the field are limited. The purposes of this study are investigate the causing agents of porcine polyserositis and try to establish the prevention and control procedures. In total, 1,303 cases were collected and 262 cases which observed gross lesions of polyserositis at necropsy were swabed samples during September 2013 to September 2015. Swab samples from meninges, pleura, pericardium, peritoneum and synovial membranes of each pig were obtained and performed the bacterial isolation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), antimicrobial susceptibility test and minimal inhibitory concentration, MIC). Detection rate of pre-wanning pigs showed the M. hyorhinis (18.2%, 2/11) are more than H. parasuis (9.1%, 2/11) and S. suis (9.1%, 1/11). Conversely, the detection rate of post-weanning pigs showed H. parasuis (33.7%, 30/89) are more than M. hyorhinis (16.9%, 15/89). Fourty-one H. parasuis and 5 S. suis were isolated from 262 polyserositis cases. Among the isolation rate of 41 H. parasuis, the highest isolation rate were pleura (63%), follow by pericardium (51%), peritoneum (34%), meninges (20%) and synovial membranes (20%). Detection rate of H. parasuis, M. hyorhinis and S. suis from 100 swab samples by PCR were shown as 42%, 30% and 8%, respectively. Ceftiofur had the highest activity with MIC50 values was 0.0015 µg/mL, followed by amoxicillin (0.12 µg/mL) and doxycycline (0.03 µg/mL). In conclusion, pig’s polyserositis are more commom in Taiwan, the present data showing H. parasuis is the major pathogen of polyserositis in pigs, followed by M. hyorhinis. Polyserositis caused by S. suis are less. H. parasuis isolations are highly susceptibility to Ceftiofur, amoxicillin and doxycycline, which are great chioce for treatment of H. parasuis.

並列關鍵字

Polyserositis ； Haemophilus parasuis ； Mycoplasma hyorhinis ； Streptococcus suis ； Mminimal inhibitory concentration test

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