一般市面上打擊樂器種類繁多,可分為有調打擊樂器及無調打擊樂器,卻沒有一個標準聲音品質評價技術來評價眾多打擊樂器的聲音品質,本研究針對結構振動分析與最佳化設計之研發成功案例的具簡諧倍頻音打擊樂器進行聲振耦合分析,獲得音場之響應預測之頻譜,建立客觀評價指標,並探討主客觀指標之關聯性,探討打擊樂器聲音品質之評價技術之應用,其技術可應用於其他打擊樂器。本研究採用有限元素分析,分別探討簡諧鐵琴片之結構模態與空氣結構耦合模態之特性,進而了解區別結構振動模態與空氣結構耦合之聲場模態之關聯性。透過文獻回顧參考各種樂器的樂音評估指標,本文建立了打擊樂器客觀評價之參考指標,並透過各種客觀指標之範例探討對打擊樂器之適用性,了解音準、音色、持續度、頻譜質心等指標於打擊樂器的評價。利用聲音模擬程式模組由實際聲音頻譜特性可以模擬出對應的實際聲音響應,透過人耳感覺評斷探討其程式模組之可行性,最後,利用聲音量測分析程式與聲音模擬程式模組,探討打擊樂器主客觀評價指標之關聯性,且評價指標之關聯性具有合理性,適用於其他不同種類的打擊樂器。
There are many types of percussion instruments that can be categorized as the tuned and un-tuned; however, there is no proper sound quality evaluation method to quantify percussion instruments. This work aims to perform vibro-acoustic analysis on the harmonic sound plate (HSP) developed by adopting structural vibration analysis and optimum design method. The percussion sound spectrum from HSP can then be predicted and used to obtain objective evaluation index that will be compared with subjective evaluation. The evaluation methodology can also be adopted for other percussion instrument as well. This work applies finite element analysis (FEA) to determine structural vibration modes of HSP as well as the air-structure coupling modes. Both structural vibration modes and air-structure acoustic modes can be, respectively, interpreted. Through literature reviews on various musical sound quality evaluations for different musical instruments, this work builds up the objective evaluation indices, in particular for percussion instruments, such as pitch frequency, tonality, continuity and spectrum centroid. Sound simulation program module is developed to generate the sound response with the knowledge of sound spectrum information. The subjective evaluation is conducted by human ears to validate the effectiveness of the program module. Finally, by the integration of sound measurement and sound simulation program modules, the correlation between the subjective and objective evaluation results can be justified and applied to different percussion instruments.