- 學位論文
應用雷達降雨資料於降雨逕流模式
Application of Radar Precipitation Data on Rainfall Runoff Model
摘要
本研究使用HEC-HMS降雨逕流模式對東港溪流域內16個子集水區進行雨量站降雨資料與雷達降雨資料比對分析。雨量站雨量資料以徐昇氏法分配至各子集水區，並進行HEC-HMS模式參數調整。模式設定初始損失及固定損失率、Clark's單位歷線法轉換成逕流歷線及退水模式。應用地理資訊系統進行轉置雷達雨量為模式雨量資料格式並輸入HEC-DSS模式後，於HEC-HMS模式內進行模擬來探討同一颱風事件的雨量在模擬後的流量差異。並利用控制雨量站數量達到雷達雨量所模擬出的逕流歷線，進一步瞭解東港溪上游雨量站分佈是否足夠。 雷達降雨資料於降雨逕流模擬結果顯示，聖帕颱風未調校模式參數值的尖峰流量與觀測值的平均誤差為11.8%，調校後尖峰流量與觀測值的平均誤差為3.9%。鳳凰颱風未調校模式參數值的尖峰流量與觀測值的平均誤差為2.7%，調校後尖峰流量與觀測值的平均誤差為0.6%。至於總流量體積的平均誤差未調整及調整後兩場颱風均未有明顯之差異。經由調整後尖峰流量誤差都有明顯改善，瞭解雷達降雨與雨量站的降雨分佈型態差異而影響降雨逕流參數之設定。本研究初步提出建立雷達-雨量站參數範圍之步驟，提供未來雷達降雨資料於降雨逕流模式設定參數的依據。 控制雨量站數量多寡影響到逕流歷線的結果，經由模式顯示東港溪上游設定到五個雨量站時比設定其他雨量站數量來的好，所分配雨量來模擬之逕流歷線與雷達降雨的逕流歷線會達到相同之曲線值，由結果瞭解東港溪上游雨量站分佈上是足夠。
並列摘要
The objective of this study is to apply HEC-HMS rainfall-runoff model on 16 major sub basins of Donggang River watershed. The peak discharge of Donggang River is analyzed by the real-time gauged precipitation data and the radar precipitation data. Each rain gauge station of the real-time rainfall data is distributed to each sub basin by Thiessen method in HEC-HMS model. Initial and, constant rate loss module and recession module are used in HEC-HMS. Moreover, the rainfall is transformed into runoff hydrograph by Clark's unit hydrograph method. Radar rainfall is converted to the rainfall data format in HEC-HMS by using Geography Information System and HEC-DSS model to analyse the discharge difference of the same typhoon event in HEC-HMS model. Further more by changing the number of gauge stations to meet the results of runoff hydrograph simulating by radar rainfall data, one can understand the effecenay of gauge station distribution of Donggang River Basin. The result reveal that, for Sepat Typhoon, without adjust the model parameters the average error of peak discharge is approximately 11.8% after adjusted parameters the average error could reduce to 3.9%. Also the result show that, for Phoenix Typhoon, without adjust the parameters the average error of peak discharge 2.7% after adjusted the parameters the number could reduce to 0.6%. But the difference of average error of total flow volume is quite small between unadjust and adjust the model parameters, for both Sepat and Phoenix Typhoon. The study is set up a procedure to establish the parameters range for HEC-HMS by using the gauge rainfall data and radar rainfall data. And the study also provide the possibility of further application on radar rainfall runoff model in the future. The gauge station number will affect the runoff hydrograph result. The model reveal that using five gauge stations to distribute the rainfall in Donggang River Basin, the result hydrograph is more close to the radar runoff hydrograph than using other number of gauge station. The result show that the current gauge station distribution is enough for Donggang River Basin.