應用CAE於自行車前叉試驗之虛擬測試方法

自行車之零件於組裝前均需通過標準之試驗規範許可才能組裝販售，自行車前叉也不能例外。本文旨以電腦輔助工程分析(CAE)軟體建立一套與自行車認證測試規範相同標準下的模擬試驗方法。本研究主要參照歐盟EN14764城市與旅行自行車－安全要求與測試方法中的前叉試驗規範，內容包括前叉靜態彎曲試驗、前叉後向衝擊試驗、前叉彎曲疲勞試驗、內擴式輪轂煞車/碟式煞車之前叉之靜態煞車扭矩測試與重複煞車扭矩試驗，運用CAE來模擬前叉各項試驗之虛擬測試。首先選用一款城市自行車之前叉，以立體元素所建構之有限元素模型，進行各項試驗，對應之靜力分析求得到前叉的變形量、麥西斯應力及最大主應力以作為判斷前叉各項試驗之靜力分析的建立。所對應之虛擬測試分析技術，可以有效率於設計階段即可預測不同結構之自行車前叉預測響應，並縮短自行車前叉結構設計時所需之時間及減少測試樣品製作之成本。本文提出以CAE軟體應用之預測分析方法，可以獲得自行車前叉各項試驗所求得的應力、變形量，可作為修改選用材料及結構變更之參考。使得更符合設計分析需求，以找出前叉良好品質的特性指標，未來可以進一步探討與驗證自行車前叉之模型驗證，並應用於自行車零件之其他相關試驗之虛擬測試。

關鍵字

自行車；前叉；測試規範；腦輔助工程分析(CAE)

並列摘要

The bicycle parts need to fulfill the testing criteria before assembly and for sale. The front fork of the bicycle is also no exception. This work aims to apply the computer aided engineering (CAE) technique to develop a virtual testing method to comply with the standard that regulates various kinds of testing for the front fork. This work refers to the European standard, EN14764: City and Traveling Bicycle – Safety Requirement and Test Method, especially for the front fork tests, including static bending, Rearward impact, Bending fatigue, static brake-torque and Repeated brake-torque tests, and performs the corresponding virtual testing by CAE software. First, a city bicycle’s front fork is selected and constructed for its finite element (FE) model that can properly simulate the testing conditions required by the standard. Through the static analysis, the deformation as well as the induced structural stresses for different tests can be analyzed and used to evaluate the front fork that can either pass or fail according to the test requirement. The developed virtual testing technique, especially for the front fork, can predict the structural response subject to the specified mechanical loadings by the test standard and, therefore, can largely reduce the time and cost in producing the test samples for repeated testing base on the trial-and-error method. This work presents the simulation method and evaluation procedure in particular for the front fork testing. The built FE model can be easily modified by varying material properties and geometry for design modification in order to fulfill the test standard. The analytical FE model can be further validated by experimental modal analysis and then be useful for new design consideration. The CAE technique for virtual testing applied to the testing of the front fork is shown promising and can be adopted for other components as well.

並列關鍵字

Bicycle ； Front fork ； Test Method ； CAE

參考文獻

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1. CPSC 1512, 1978, Chapter II—Consumer Produce Safty Commissiom, http://www.intertek-twn.com/big5/reliability/product12.asp, Surf date, 2010.4.29

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Google Scholar

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應用CAE於自行車前叉試驗之虛擬測試方法

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