藻類生長的影響因子-以豬場廢水培養液為例

Factors Affecting Algae Production – Using Pig Farm Wastewater as Nutrient Sources

張乃尤(Nai-Yu Chang)

指導教授 ： 夏良宙 ； 郭文健

國立屏東科技大學/工學院/環境工程與科學系所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2011.00021

摘要

本研究利用屏東科技大學畜牧場之處理後豬糞尿廢水為培養液，採用台灣綠藻有限公司所提供之綠藻濃縮液，在5公升培養槽內進行培養。探討藻類之最佳生長條件。研究共進行了2個試驗，試驗1為不同二氧化碳通量對藻類生長之影響；試驗2為不同處理之豬糞尿廢水對藻類生長之影響。兩試驗之相同培養條件如下，pH值：7.0，溫度：25℃，光照：連續日光照，攪拌速度：20 rpm，培養時間：72 hr。試驗1分別有4個不同二氧化碳通量之處理組，為0 L CO2/min、1 L CO2/min、2 L CO2/min及3 L CO2/min。試驗2以不同處理之豬糞尿廢水為培養液，分別為好氧處理和厭氧處理豬糞尿廢水，並同時在1 L CO2/min之條件下進行培養。兩試驗之每個處理各別進行4重複培養，分別在第0 hr、12 hr、24 hr、36 hr、48 hr、60 hr和72 hr進行採樣，並進行以下化驗分析探討藻類生長狀況及影響。分別為乾物質量(DM)、銨氮(NH4+-N)、硝酸鹽氮(NO3--N)、正磷酸鹽(PO43--P)、生化需氧量(BOD)、化學需氧量(COD)、氧化還原電位(ORP；)、導電度(Cond)和礦物質：鐵（Fe）、錳（Mn）、鋅（Zn）、銅（Cu）、鉀（K）、鈣（Ca）、及鎂（Mg）。

試驗1結果顯示，在氮營養鹽方面，藻類利用NO3--N在2 LCO2/min處理組中，第24 hr直到第72 hr培養期間，從363.75 mg/L降至260.57 mg/L；NH+4-N在1 L CO2/min處理組，於第0-60 hr期間，由2.05 mg/L降至1.64 mg/L；PO43--P的效果在0 L CO2/min處理組較其它組好，培養0-72 hr期間，從0.40 mg/L降至0.33 mg/L，可見有無添加碳源似乎不影響其利用效果。藻類在不同氮營養源最佳利用效果都發生於不同處理組上，大致上看來，在有添加碳源之處理組的效果較好，發生在1 L CO2/min處理組中的第60小時，其DM為3.19%，和其他組有顯著之差異(P < 0.001)，與第0 hr相比較，生長率達61.00%。在水質參數對水質淨化之影響方面，BOD與COD，於四個處理組中均隨著培養時間增加而有下降之趨勢。
試驗2結果顯示，在好氧與厭氧豬糞尿廢水培養液中的NO3--N含量，分別為16.74 mg/L和0.36 mg/L，有極顯著之差異（P < 0.001）。豬糞尿培養液中的NO3--N對藻類成長非常有利，且是很重要的生長因子之ㄧ。在好氧豬糞尿廢水培養液處理組中，其藻類的生長速率隨著培養時間增加而上升，當培養至72 hr時，藻類的乾物質量為2.34%，在厭氧豬糞尿廢水培養液處理組中，於培養期間內的藻類幾乎是沒有增加生長速率，甚至還有死亡現象產生。在水質參數對水質淨化之影響方面，在培養0-60 hr期間，BOD在好氧豬糞尿廢水培養液中從144 mg/L下降至13 mg/L，使得水質形成高溶氧狀態。在培養0-72 hr期間，COD從700 mg/L下降至578 mg/L；厭氧豬糞尿廢水培養液中的COD從1060 mg/L下降至848 mg/L。培養期間兩處理組均沒有出現不穩定起伏的數據，甚至在72 hr後可能還有持續下降之效果，水質淨化達到非常好的效果。
研究中證實，適當處理後的畜牧廢水中的氮營養源和微量元素，在適當的光照強度、溫度及pH值的環境下，可用來培養藻類，並透過藻類作為二氧化碳減廢與水質淨化之目的。
關鍵詞：二氧化碳、藻類、豬糞尿廢水、水質參數

關鍵字

二氧化碳 ； 藻類 ； 豬糞尿廢水 ； 水質參數

並列摘要

This study utilized treated pig excretion from the ranch at National Pingtung University of Science and Technology as nutrient source to study the optimum growth condition for algae in 5 L incubator. Concentrate algae solution was provided by Taiwan Algae Co. Ltd. Two experiments were conducted in the present study; Experiment 1 studied the effect of different amounts of CO2 on the growth of algae in treated pig wastewater whereas effect of various treated pig wastewater on the growth of algae was determined in Experiment 2. Two experiments had similar incubation conditions as follows: pH 7.0, temperature 25°C, continuous lighting, stirring at 20 rpm and incubated for 72 h. In Experiment 1, there were four different CO2 treatment groups which were 0 L CO2/min, 1 L CO2/min, 2 L CO2/min and 3 L CO2/min. In Experiment 2, there were two differently treated pig wastewater as nutrient source: aerobically and anaerobically treated wastewater and both incubated under 1 L CO2/min condition. Each treatment in both experiments had four replicates and sampling was done at 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 h; algae growth and DM, NH4+-N , NO3--N, PO43--P , BOD , COD , ORP , conductivity and minerals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, K, Ca and Mg) were analyzed.
Results in Experiment 1 showed that algae in 2 L CO2/min treatment, between the 24th until 72nd h of incubation, NO3--N utilization of algae was reduced from 363.75 mg/L to 260.57 mg/L. In 1 L CO2/min treatment, between 0 to 60th h, NH+4-N was reduced from 2.05 mg/L to 1.64 mg/L. In 0 L CO2/min treatment, the effect on PO43--P was better than other treatment groups between 0-72 h, dropping from 0.40 mg/L to 0.33 mg/L, indicating that with or without N source supplementation did not affect it’s utilization. Under different nutrient N sources, optimum algae utilization effect occurred in different treatment groups. Overall, N source supplementation treatment groups had better effect, in 1 L CO2/min treatment group at 60th h, its DM was 3.19%, significantly different (P<0.001) from other treatment groups; comparing with 0 h, its growth achieved 61.00%. For water quality index on the effect of water purification, in the four treatment groups, BOD and COD tend to decrease as incubation period increased.
Results in Experiment 2 showed that algae in aerobic and anaerobic treated pig wastewater, NO3--N content was 16.74 mg/L and 0.36 mg/L, respectively, and was significantly different (P<0.001). NO3--N content in pig wastewater was very important of algae growth. Under aerobic treatment, algae growth rate increased as incubation period increased, and until 72 h, algae DM was 2.34%. In anaerobic treatment, algae growth rate did not incraese and mortality seemed to occur. For water quality index on the effect of water purification, between 0-60 h of incubation, BOD in aerobic treated pig wastewater decreased from 144mg/L to 13 mg/L, causing high oxygen dissolved in the water; between 0-72 h of incubation, COD was decreased from 700 mg/L to 578 mg/L. In anaerobic treatment, COD was reduced from 1060 mg/L to 848 mg/L. During incubation, data from the two treatment group were stable and continuous reduction was observed after 72 h, water purification effect was excellent.
The study have proven that livestock wastewater contained high concentrations of organic substances, nutritious N source and microelements. Properly treated wastewater could be used to grows algae and algae growth was optimum under appropriate lighting, temperature and pH condition for photosynthesis, and achieving the objective to reduce CO2 and water purification.
Key Words: CO2, algae, pig wastewater, water quality index

並列關鍵字

CO2 ； algae ； Pig wastewater ； Water quality index

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