雙軸四輪傳動電動車動力系統之研究

Study on Power Train of Two-axes Four Wheel Drive Electric Vehicle

蕭正欽(Jheng-Cin Siao)

指導教授 ： 曾全佑 ； 余致賢

國立屏東科技大學/工學院/車輛工程系所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2011.00033

摘要

本論文針對一種國產汽油引擎UV (Utility Vehicle)的動力系統，將之改型成為具備雙軸獨立四輪驅動(2-axes 4WD)的電動車，目標為提高原車行駛穩定性與舒適性。該動力系統乃是於前後軸各設計一組獨立5kw直流無刷馬達的動力模組，各動力模組均配置無離合器式自動手排變速箱(Automatic Manual Transmission, AMT)。整個系統包括電瓶模組、AMT控制器、BLDC驅動器、以及整車控制器(Vehicle Control Unit, VCU)。

研究之主要工作項目包含整車動力系統規格設計、無離合器式AMT機構與自動換檔控制器設計、變速箱換檔策略設計、以及4WD動力分配控制器設計等。針對無離合器式AMT之換檔控制，本研究應用Feedforward-Feedback控制器，以執行換檔同步控制，換檔馬達的位置控制則運用PI控制器。所設計的系統經AMT實驗平台測試結果顯示，AMT能平順的完成自動換檔之功能。在變速箱換檔策略設計方面，主要為使馬達控制在最佳效率點運作，並且達到換檔舒適與省能的功效，此項工作已經由軟體模擬驗證其效果。在雙軸獨立的全時四輪傳動(Full-time 4WD)動力分配上，本研究應用滑動控制理論(sliding mode)設計控制器，根據各車輪之滑動率動態分配前後軸動力。數值模擬結果顯示，於濕滑路面上行駛ECE40行車模式時，各車輪之滑動率(slip ratio)可以控制於15%之最佳值附近。

關鍵字

多功能車 ； 電動車 ； 四輪傳動 ； 動力系統 ； 自動手排變速箱 ； 滑動率

並列摘要

This thesis is focused on design of a power train for two-axes four-wheel-drive (4WD) electric vehicle. The purpose is to improve the energy efficiency, driving stability for an Utility Vehicle (UV) that is original equipped with a 500cc internal combustion engine. The designed power train is consisted of two 5kw brushless DC motors (BLDC) with the associated motor drivers, automatic manual transmission (AMT), AMT controllers, and 288V16AH Lithium-ion battery pack.

The works include power train specification design, mechanism and controller design for the clutchless AMT, optimal transmissions gear-shifting strategy design, and finally, power split strategy design for the 4WD in terms of wheel slip ratio control.

To guarantee AMT gear-shifting quality, the feedforward-feedback control method was applied in gear change process. The experimental results have shown that AMT system can perform auto-shifting very quickly and smoothly. The power split strategy design for the 4WD was based on sliding mode algorithm, it was shown through numerical simulation that slip ratio on each wheel can be controlled within an optimal value of 15%.

並列關鍵字

Utility Vehicle (UV) ； Electrical Vehicle (EV) ； Four Wheel Drive (4WD) ； Power train ； Automatic Manual Transmission (AMT) ； Slip ratio

參考文獻

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