飛灰熱熔之研究:金屬分布與包匣特徵

Vitrification of Fly Ash: Characteristics of Metal Distribution and Immobilization

楊朝欽(Yang Chao Qin)

指導教授 ： 黃國林

國立屏東科技大學/工學院/環境工程與科學系所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2011.00140

摘要

本研究係利用高溫熱熔融法(操作溫度1450oC、持溫30 分鐘)處理都
市垃圾焚化飛灰，探討熔融過程中金屬元素之分布特徵。此外，以不同
配比之碎玻璃/飛灰質量比與不同冷卻方式進行熔融處理，並以毒性特性
溶出試驗(TCLP)、序列萃取法、X 光繞射分析(XRD)、掃描式電子顯微鏡
(SEM)以及酸蝕試驗等進行分析。研究結果顯示，金屬元素之轉移結果：
地殼元素A1 (99.5%)、Ca (99.9%)、Fe (74.1%)、Mg (99.7%)、Si (99.5%)
及人為污染元素Co (71.4%)、Cu (79.3%)、Mn (83.1%)及Sr (99.1%)均分
布於熔渣中；而Cd (98.8%)、Pb (99.5%)及Zn (77.9%)則分布於煙道氣粒
狀物中；煙道氣氣態金屬之排放比例均相當低介於0~0.50%。
另外，所有熔渣均符合毒性特性溶出試驗(TCLP)之標準，故具有再
利用潛力之資材；而序列萃取結果顯示，水冷熔渣比空冷熔渣更能有效
地降低金屬元素之移動性且固結於熔渣中。由XRD 與SEM 分析結果得
知，水冷方式比空冷方式易形成非結晶物質。水冷熔渣非結晶體積分率
(AVF)值均大於90%，且添加碎玻璃有助AVF 值之上升。空冷熔渣為高
度之結晶結構，抗酸蝕能力較差；反之，水冷熔渣結構為非結晶結構，
抗酸蝕能力較強。

關鍵字

飛灰 ； 高溫熔融法 ； 熔渣 ； 序列萃取法 ； 非結晶體積分率

並列摘要

This study investigated the vitrification (at 1450oC for 30 min) of fly ash
from municipal solid waste incineration to characterize metal distribution and
immobilization in the vitrification process. Different mass ratios of cullet/fly
ash (input materials) and cooling rates were tested. Toxicity characteristic
leaching procedure (TCLP), sequential extraction, x-ray diffraction (XRD),
scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and acid etching tests were used to
examine the metal distribution and immobilization of vitrified products.
The results show that after vitrification, the major crust metals in slags
were A1 (99.5%), Ca (99.9%), Fe (74.1%), Mg (99.7%), and Si (99.5%),
while those of anthropogenic metals were Co (71.4%), Cu (79.3%), Mn
(83.1%), and Sr (99.1%). For the stack flue gas, Cd (98.8%), Pb (99.5%), and
Zn (77.9%) dominated in particulate phase; however, their fractions were very
low in gas phase (0–0.5%). In addition, all (vitrified) slags were in
compliance with the limits of TCLP to have good potential for recycling
purposes. According to sequential extraction tests, the of metal mobility was
lower in the water-quenched slags than in the air-cooled slags, so the former
had better metal encapsulation than the latter. Nevertheless, the
water-quenched slags were more amorphous (AVF >90%) than the air-cooled
slags (based on SEM and XRD analyses) and thus had poorer acid resistance.

並列關鍵字

Fly Ash ； Vitrification ； Slag ； Sequential Extraction ； Amorphous Volume Fraction

參考文獻

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