龍鑾潭濕地水質與底泥調查及簡易總磷模式之研究

Water Quality and Sediment Monitoring and Using Simplified Total Phosphorus Model for Eutrophication Assessment in LungLuanTan Wetland System

廖慎洲(Shen-Jhon Liao)

指導教授 ： 謝季吟

國立屏東科技大學/工學院/環境工程與科學系所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2011.00220

摘要

本研究分別在豐水期(99年9月)及枯水期(100年1月)針對龍鑾潭濕地系統包括濕地水質及底泥調查進行重金屬分佈及優養化探討，並同時運用簡易總磷模式進行水庫優養化模擬。另外還進行底泥、植體及水體重金屬(鎘(Cd)、鉻(Cr)、銅(Cu)、鎳(Ni)、鉛(Pb)及鋅(Zn))分析，以計算其生物累積濃縮因子，亦可了解植體累積重金屬程度。本研究結果顯示濕地底泥重金屬以鋅的濃度為最高，介於43.8mg/kg~77.78mg/ kg，其次為鎳，與水體懸浮態重金屬之分佈趨勢相同，但與水體溶解態重金屬鉛濃度為0.0046mg/L居所有金屬濃度最高有所差異。另外，溶解態重金屬銅、鎳及鋅在所有測站豐枯水期均未檢出。
在植體重金屬方面，豐水期調查發現各測站兩種植體共六個樣品中以龍鑾潭濕地主流測占空心菜的鋅濃度介於13.1~34.1mg/kg為最高，而龍鑾潭濕地主流測站3、4、5及支流測站1的布袋蓮及空心菜的鎘濃度介於0.63~0.94mg/kg為最低。枯水期調查時，四種植體中，以龍鑾潭濕地主流測站2浮萍鋅濃度32.2mg/Kg為最高，最低濃度則是在龍鑾潭濕地主流測站4的水芙蓉發現，僅為0.41mg/Kg。本研究以新鮮植體組織中重金屬濃度與土壤重金屬濃度比值來探討重金屬累積情形，結果顯示豐枯水期均以重金屬鎘有較高的生物濃縮因子。在濕地各種水質參數調查方面，枯水期的汙染情形都較豐水期嚴重，其中以葉綠素a及懸浮固體之差異性最大。本研究利用Vollenweider模式對水庫優養化進行模擬，結果證實模擬值與實測值之結果相近。

關鍵字

Vollenweider 模式 ； 生物濃縮因子 ； 重金屬 ； 優養化

並列摘要

In this study, the heavy metals content in Long-luan-tan system including wetland and reservoirs’ water and sediment, and eutrophication were investigated during the wet period (September, 2010) and dry season (January, 2011). The ratio of heavy metals concentrations found in sediment, vegetation and water body were used as factors for bioaccumulative calculation, furthermore, to reveal the current status of implant accumulation of heavy metals. The heavy metals measurement includes the cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) elements.
In the wet period, particulate Zn content was highest among heavy metal investigated in the sediment, ranging from 43.8mg/kg ~ 77.78mg / kg and 0.0015 ~ 0.0185mg / L, repetitively. However, the water soluble heavy metal measurement shown the lead was the highest with concentration at 0.0046mg/L. In addition, the dissolved heavy metals such as copper, nickel and zinc were not detected during the dry season and wet period in all sampling station.

In wet period, the wetland vegetation, convolvulus, heavy metals measurement were found that a total of six samples in two of the stations of Long-luan -tan wetlands, zinc concentrations ranged from 13.1 ~ 34.1mg/kg, were the highest heavy metal detected. Also, the cadmium concentrations in hyacinth and water spinach of the three Long-luan-tan wetlands mainstream stations and one tributarie’s station samples were detected in the range of 0.63 ~ 0.94mg/kg. In dry season survey, the duckweed in mainstream station 2 had the highest zinc concentration of 32.2mg/Kg and the Lotus had lowest zinc concentration, 0.41mg/Kg, in the mainstream Long-luan-tan wetland water station 4 sample among the four plants investigated. The ratio of heavy metals concentrations in fresh plant tissues and sediment, used as heavy metal accumulation study, the results shown both the dry season and wet period had higher cadmium BCF. Furthermore, the pollution condition in dry season was worse than the wet period which chlorophyll a and suspended solids had the significance differences according to the water quality survey in wetland. In this study, Vollenweider model for eutrophication of the reservoir simulation results confirm the simulated and observed values were similar.

並列關鍵字

Vollenweider model ； bioconcentration factor ； heavy metals ； eutrophication

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