微量環境污染物：戴奧辛之流佈與相性轉化研究

Characteristics of Phase Conversion and Transformation Fate for Micro-Environmental Contaminants Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans

金育德(Yu-Te Chin)

指導教授 ： 林 傑博士 ； 王裕民博士

國立屏東科技大學/工學院/環境工程與科學系所/博士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2011.00229

摘要

本研究利用實驗室填充床反應系統模擬實際煙道排氣狀況下濾餅區戴奧辛生成反應，探討添加不同無機及有機氯源對戴奧辛之生成影響及物種濃度分佈與多重相性轉換特性。研究結果顯示，添加0.01 %、0.1 % 及氣相引入50 ppb HgCl2於飛灰基質中，結果顯示生成皆傾向飛灰殘餘相，並以OCDD為主要物種，在相性轉化上無差異。添加DF+ CuCl2、HgCl2+PCP混合基質於飛灰中生成PCDD/Fs實驗中，結果顯示具有加成效應存在。比較無機氯源氯含量生成潛勢，結果顯示HgCl2對生成PCDD/Fs有催化效應之現象。比較有機氯源氯含量生成潛勢，顯示PCP對生成PCDD/Fs比TCP來的要高。主成份分析結果顯示，除了混合前驅物（FA + DF + CuCl2）之外，其餘前驅物生成之PCDD/Fs同源物關聯性皆在同一群集中。另外，針對某一工業區內三處固定污染源進行煙道廢氣之PCDD/Fs濃度檢測，其平均毒性當量濃度皆低於法規排放標準。在工業區附近選定四處採樣點進行周界大氣戴奧辛監測，其平均毒性當量濃度皆低於日本法規周界大氣戴奧辛標準0.6 pg I-TEQ/ Nm3。在模式應用上，利用ISCST3模式模擬工業區鄰近區域之大氣PCDD/Fs平均濃度，該地區最大時平均著地濃度出現於CSS污染源附近。考慮最惡劣狀況進行戴奧辛風險評估，其風險值顯示無危害人體健康及影響環境之虞。本研究結果建議，應避免金屬物質或含氯前驅物質進入燃燒過程中。

關鍵字

飛灰 ； 戴奧辛 ； 加成效應 ； 生成潛勢 ； 宿命

並列摘要

The objective of this study was to conduct by adding the inorganic and organic chloride sources into fly ashes in a packed bed reactor under real flue gas conditions to simulate the formation of PCDD/Fs in the filter cake zone. The contributions of toxicities and the phases transformation were the focuses of this study. When 0.01 wt %, 0.1 wt % and 50 ppb HgCl2 by vaporing were added onto the fly ash medium has significantly enhancement for the PCDD/Fs in the residue phase, and OCDD was predominant congener species of PCDD/Fs in the residue and gas phases. The results of adding HgCl2 has no transformation effect on the formation of PCDD/Fs in the residue and gas phases. Using mixed precursors (DF+ CuCl2, HgCl2+PCP), the concentrations of PCDD/Fs were higher than those of a single precursor. The results showed the effect of the additive in forming PCDD/Fs were obvious. The comparison of chlorine content of inorganic chlorine sources (FeCl2, ZnCl2, CuCl2, CaCl2, HgCl2) for PCDD/Fs formation potential, the results showed that the formation of PCDD/Fs was significantly increased by HgCl2. Furthermore, comparison of chlorine content of organic chlorine sources for PCDD/Fs formation potential, the results showed that the formation of PCDD/Fs by PCP was higher than TCP. The principal component analysis (PCA) used to compare the congener profiles of PCDD/Fs in all all experimental data. The results of PCA showed the existence of a group of highly correlated variables, corresponding to all formation experiments except mixed precursors experiment (FA+DF+ CuCl2). In addition, PCDD/Fs emissions in flue gas from three stationary sources in industrial park were investigated. The results showed that the total PCDD/Fs I-TEQ concentrations from three stationary sources were lower than the PCDD/F emissions standard. The result of four sampling points near the industrial park which selected to monitor the spread of PCDD/Fs in ambient air has shown that the PCDD/Fs I-TEQ concentration was lower than the air quality standard for PCDD/Fs in Japan (0.6 pg I-TEQ/m3). Moreover, this study used the ISCST3 model to simulate the average atmosphere concentration in the neighboring areas of three stationary sources, the results showed that the maximum hour concentration occurs in the vicinity of CSS sources. Consider the worst situation to assess the risk, the result revealed that it does not harm to human health and environmental impacts. The results of this study suggest that the use of metal-containing substances or chlorination precursors should be to avoid in the combustion process.

並列關鍵字

Fly ash ； PCDD/Fs ； Additive effect ； Formation potential ； Fate

參考文獻

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