台灣淡水河流域野鳥棲地肉毒桿菌及毒素之調查

Survey of the wild bird habitat at Tan-Swei river for the presence of Clostridium Botulium

游秀彬(Hsiu-Pin Yu)

指導教授 ： 連一洋

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/獸醫學系所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2011.00235

摘要

肉毒桿菌 (Clostridium botulium) 為革蘭氏陽性絕對厭氧菌，環境不良時可產生芽孢，芽孢廣泛分佈於海洋、河流、湖泊土壤、農作物、蜂蜜、動物的消化道中、動物排遺、動物屍體。本菌在增殖過程中可產生劇烈神經毒素，肉毒桿菌毒素阻斷神經傳導，進而影響肌肉運動、呼吸、心跳，造成麻痺甚至死亡。毒素依其抗原性之差異可分為A至G型，一般禽鳥以C、D、C-D、D-C型為主。本研究之目的在於研究調查北台灣淡水河流域野鳥棲息地之肉毒桿菌/毒素分佈情形，作為爾後生態保育和流行病學之參考。本實驗以北台灣淡水河流域，華江橋至淡水河出海口兩岸約48公里範圍內之野鳥棲息地，採集沿岸底泥、野鳥、魚屍以及屍體內之蛆。採集後裝入厭氧檢體樣本收集管，置入塑膠夾鏈袋並標上編號及GPS定位數據，攜至淡水家畜衛生試驗所實驗室進行肉毒桿菌/毒素分離與鑑定工作。自2008年9月至2010年5月採集底泥240件、水鳥屍體28件、魚98件、蛆24件 (共390件)，結果並未分離到肉毒桿菌。另外從採樣自高雄縣竹滬鄉2隻疑似肉毒桿菌毒素中毒之小水鴨樣本經PCR增幅、基因序列定序及親緣關係鑑定，發現與淡水家畜衛生試驗所陳燕萍研究員於2008年所發表之 WB536 (小水鴨；華江橋；C-D type)有99.7%核苷酸序列相似度，因此這2件小水鴨PCR陽性反應案例應同屬C-D type。雖然此樣本非採自淡水河流域，但其成功之PCR鑑定流程與模式被用於本調查研究中，以確認調查工作之可信度。本調查雖未自淡水河流域分離到肉毒桿菌，然而氣候、生態與昇務之間實屬一種動態關係，因此持續性的調查研究仍屬必要性。獲得流行病學之資料，也將有利於學術、環保和農政工作之參考。

關鍵字

台灣淡水河流域 ； 野鳥棲息地 ； 肉毒桿菌 ； 肉毒桿菌毒素型別

並列摘要

Clostridium botulinum is a Gram-positive, obligate anaerobic bacterium, which can produce spores in anaerobic environment. The pathogen is widely distributed over the oceans, rivers, lakes, soil and in the digestive tracts of animals. C. botulinum can produce strong neurotoxin, which were divided into A to G and mainly types C, D, C-D, D-C in avian. Botulium toxin can block the nerve conduction, thereby affecting muscle movement, breathing, heart rate, resulting in paralysis or even death. The purpose of this study is to investigate the distribution of C. botulinum/Botulium toxin in the water bird habitats along Tan-Swei river in Taiwan. The study areas in this study included the wild bird habitats along Tan-Swei river from Hwa-giang bridge to the end of Tan-Swei river (about 48 kilometers). River mud, waterfowl corpse, fish corpse and maggots in corpse were collected for C. botulinum/Botulium toxin isolation and detection. Between September 2008 and May 2010, there were 390 samples were collected, including 240 river mud samples, 28 waterfowl carcass samples, 98 fish carcass samples and 24 maggot samples in corpse. The results of C. botulinum/Botulium toxin isolation and PCR detection from these samples were all negative. During the study period, there were two C. botulinum/Botulium toxin suspected duck samples occasionally collected in Kaohsiung County. These two samples were detected PCR positive and were defined as C-D type after sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Although the two samples were not collected from Tam-sui river, the success of the PCR detection and the procedure for type differentiation were applied in this investigation to verify the credibility. The samples collected along Tam-sui river in this study were all C. botulinum/Botulium toxin negative; however, continuing monitor is still necessary.

並列關鍵字

Tan-Swei river ； water bird habitat ； Clostridium botulinum ； Neurotoxin

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