馬拉威婦女農民賦權競爭分析之研究

A Study on Competitive analyses of Women Farmers’ Empowerment in Malawi

孟愛(Loveness Msofi)

指導教授 ： 鍾惠雯

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/熱帶農業暨國際合作系所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2012.00203

摘要

馬拉威婦女農民對農業部門的貢獻性重大，然而婦女農民卻面臨諸多困境，致使她們對該部門的經濟重要性貢獻潛能受到限制。為此，各界已發展出許多措施以期能有效提升及支援婦女農民的能力。本研究之主要目的即在於藉由競爭分析來增進婦女農民的能力。本研究闡述了如何應用SWOT分析、波特鑽石模型、層級分析法(AHP)以進行馬拉威婦女農民賦權增能的競爭力分析。SWOT分析係用以提出婦女農民的優勢、弱勢、機會及威脅，藉由SWOT矩陣，規劃出提升婦女農民競爭力之策略。波特鑽石模型則用以確認馬拉威婦女農民的競爭力因子，並應用層級分析法(AHP)判定這些與婦女農民競爭力相關之因子的重要性。研究員、推廣人員及農民婦女被視為此過程中的關鍵關係人(專家)，故本研究篩選出5位從事婦女議題之研究員、10位直接與婦女農民共事的推廣人員、以及30位農民婦女作為調查訪談對象。這些專家們認為策略、結構和競爭因子是增強婦女農民能力的最重要因素，才能提升她們的競爭力。本研究也指出六個最重要的競爭力元素以期達成婦女農民賦權增能以提升其競爭力之目標。
研究結果也發現增進婦女農民能力的最重要替代策略在於組成婦女農民的產銷團隊(PMTs)，以幫助婦女農民能有取得生產要素的管道以改善生產，以及能有較佳的農業市場。總結而言，這些研究結果可作為輔導婦女農民政策及實施方案計畫之重要參考依據。本研究並依據研究結果建議包含政府、非政府組織、私人單位、推廣人員、政策決策者、以及婦女農民本身等所有相關人士，需共同合作，以發展出適切的措施，增進婦女農民在農業部門的能力。

關鍵字

馬拉威婦女農民 ； 賦權增能 ； 競爭力分析 ； SWOT分析 ； 波特鑽石模型 ； 層級分析法(AHP)

並列摘要

The contribution of Malawian women farmers to the agriculture sector cannot be overemphasized. However, women farmers face many challenges that limit their potential to contribute fully to the economic importance of the sector. In response, a number of interventions have been developed which are aimed at empowering and supporting women farmers. The main objective of this study was to empower women farmers through competitive analyses. This study illustrates the application of SWOT analysis, Porter’s Diamond Model and AHP method to conduct competitive analyses of women farmers’ empowerment in Malawi. A SWOT analysis was conducted to come up with strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for women farmers. Using the SWOT matrix, strategies for enhancing the competitiveness of women farmers were formulated. A Porter’s Diamond Model was used to identify factors of competitiveness for Malawian women farmers and the Analytic Hierarchy process (AHP) approach was applied to determine the importance of factors relating to the competitiveness of women farmers. Researchers,
extension officials and women farmers were considered as key stakeholders (respondents) of this process. Five researchers that work on women issues, 10 extension officials working directly with women farmers and 30 women farmers were selected as survey respondents for this study. The study revealed that “strategy, structure and rivalry” was the most important factor to empower women farmers so that their competitiveness can be enhanced. The study also identified the following top six most important competitiveness factors to achieving the goal of empowering women farmers to enhance their competitiveness, thus, contract farming, availability of natural resources, provision of subsidies and direct payments, low cost production practices, technique and equipment, and availability and consistency of supply inputs. Results also revealed that the most important alternative strategy for empowering women farmers was “formation of women farmers’ Production Marketing Teams (PMTs)” to help women farmers gain access to production inputs to improve their productivity and to access better agricultural markets. In conclusion, these results provide important insights for policy and program developments relating to women farmers empowerment. According to the findings of this study, it can be recommended that women farmers need to be well organized to be able to utilize and take advantage of the existing opportunities such as the support from the government and NGOs. The government, NGOs and policy makers should strategic plans and formulate policies specifically geared towards the factors with the highest priority weighting to empower women farmers and enhance their competitive advantage in the agriculture sector.

並列關鍵字

Malawian women farmers ； empowerment ； competitive analyses ； SWOT analysis ； Malawian women farmers, empowerment, coPorter’s Diamond Model ； Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

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