摘要
本文針對新型兩人座電動車空調進行舒適度PMV&PPD分析與乘員模型體溫變化之熱流場分析。電動車車廂幾何形狀採用本系研發之EV電動車為基礎，再針對該EV車頂通風系統進行熱流數值分析。本論文考量車廂靜止受太陽曝曬時，車頂通風系統或空調系統之啟動對車廂內升溫現象與乘員的熱舒適影響。 本論文特色在於結合造型幾何設計與空調規畫，進行流場模擬與manikin熱舒適PMV分析，欲在整車實體完成之前預先得知車廂內熱舒適程度。不同於已往的車廂空調數值模擬方式，本論文採直接結合太陽熱輻射與建構manikin方式進行人體模型模擬，並考慮通風系統設備的冷卻輔佐的新概念。本論文manikin身體可分為五大區域，即頭部、身體、臀部、雙手與雙腳。數值計算使用k-ε紊流模型，搭配DTRM熱輻射模式，將manikin設定新陳代謝能量，再透過熱舒適PMV公式計算後判斷駕駛與副駕駛空調舒適程度與不舒適比例PPD的呈現。 由數值計算結果可呈現出本論文研究案例，車頂通風系統的確能有效降低車廂內受太陽熱輻射後的升溫狀況。並且車輛處於不同日曬時間與日曬角度，車廂升溫也不盡相同。以朝北的車輛而言，駕駛的雙手與雙腳會受較劇烈的太陽曝曬，副駕駛則是右半身。若單純只開啟車頂通風系統，氣流量交換還是難以完全降低人體處於高活動量下所產生的熱能，因此manikin模型表面溫度持續上升。根據的PMV分析結果，短衣衫與衣褲的低活動量人員進入受太陽熱輻射暴曬1小時後的車廂能在空調啟動30秒後就感受到空調帶來的舒適感受，但是長衣衫與衣褲或高活動量的人員，明顯使得PMV偏離代表舒適的±0.5範圍，使得PPD比例上升，必須花上長一倍的時間才能感受到空調的舒適感。若是使用車頂空調出風系統，雖然對於減緩熱不舒適的影響不大，但是對於身體各部位的不舒適感受有較為均衡的控制，較無不舒適的落差。
並列摘要
This thesis investigates the air conditioning system and manikin temperature distribution in the cabin of a new generation of a two-seat electric car as well as manikin comfort through PMV and PPD analyses. The cabin model used was based on an electric car developed in our department. This work studied the effect of roof ventilation system and air-conditioning sytem on the temperature rise and passengers comfort when the cabin is continuously exposed to the sun. This study combined the cabin geometric factor and the air-conditioning system to simulate the temperature and flow fields in the cabin and to analyze the manikins comfort using PMV and PPD analyses. Different from other numerical studies related to the air-conditioning of cabin, this thesis takes into account the solar radiation and manikin model with an additional ventilation system. The manikin model could be divided into five parts including the head, the body, the hip, the hands, and the legs. Present numerical approach applied the k-ε turbulence model and DTRM radiation model. The manikins were assumed to have two different rates of metabolism and various clothings. Then, the PMV and PPD analyses were performed to determine the thermal comfort. Based on current numerical results, the cabin roof ventilation system is capable of effectively cooling down the cabin temperature warmed by solar radiation. The cabin temperature depends on the time the cabin exposed to solar radiation and the orientation of the car. If the car is facing north, the driver’s hands and legs as well as the right side of the front passenger body will be exposed to the intense solar radiation. Results also show that the exchange of cabin air with its ambient through the ventilation system is still difficult to reduce the thermal energy the persons generate at high rate of metabolism and therefore the surface temperature of the manikins continue to rise. According to the PMV analysis, manikins with short clothes and low metabolism rates enter the cabin, which has been exposed to the sun for an hour, would feel comfortable after activating the air-conditioning system for 30 seconds. If the manikins wear heavy clothes or engage in high metabolic activities, the PMV index may deviate from the range between ±0.5 leading to an increase in PPD index and double the time it takes for the manikins to achieve comfort level. The recirculation of cabin air through a vent at the cabin roof was also been investigated. Though this scheme was unable to reduce PPD index effectively, it could make the PPD indeces at different parts of the manikin more uniform and hence reduce the feeling of discomfort.