健康監測豢養白鯨及企鵝細菌叢之鑑定與藥物感受性

Identification of bacteria from normal flora and antimicrobial susceptibility of healthy monitoring domesticated beluga whale and penguin

賴怡君(Yi-Chnu Lai)

指導教授 ： 廖明輝

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/獸醫學系所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2012.00249

摘要

自2008年5月至2010年10月止，對屏東縣國立海洋生物博物館豢養8頭白鯨及46頭企鵝進行微生物培養鑑定檢查，以監測其健康及做相關疾病防治之研究。其中例行性微生物之分離鑑定部分，乃採集白鯨之口腔傷口、喉頭、甲狀腺、痰液、噴氣孔、生殖腔及肛門等7處共110個拭子檢體；對企鵝則採集口腔及泄殖腔2處共53個拭子檢體，分別以血液培養基和馬康奇培養基劃線培養分離細菌，並依據菌落形態、革蘭氏染色、氧化酶試驗、觸媒測試及氧化醱酵試驗的方式等進行初步鑑定，再進一步採用適當的API快速細菌鑑定套組來進行細菌品種鑑定。結果從白鯨檢體共分離鑑定出35種菌種，且從噴氣孔部位分離出之細菌以Shewanella putrefaciens分離率為17％（7/42）最高，其次為Aeromonas hydrophila有10％（4/42）、Morganella morganii 10％（4/42），而自肛門部位分離出之細菌以Escherichia coli為33％（20/60)最多，其次為Proteus mirabilis 17% （10/60）、Vibrio parahaemolyticus 7％（4/60）。2009年凡那比颱風9月過後有兩頭白鯨猝死，其中1頭白鯨在甲狀腺部位分離出Stenotrophomonas maltophilia，而喉頭則分離出3種細菌分別是Acinetobacter baumannii、Enterobacter cloacae、Providencia alcalifaciens。另自企鵝檢體共分離鑑定出22種菌株。從企鵝口腔部位分離出之細菌以Kocuria kristicae分離率為22％（8/37）最高，其次為Micrococcus spp. 有14％（5/37）、Staphylococcus sciuri 11％（4/37）。企鵝泄殖腔部位分離出之細菌以Kocuria rosea為19％（3/16）最多，其次為Staphylococcus sciuri 13%（2/16）。將白鯨及企鵝分離出的各種菌種進行藥物感受性試驗，白鯨結果顯示所有細菌對amikacin及imipenem 2種藥物皆具敏感性，但對lincomycin及azithromycin則具抗藥性。企鵝結果顯示所有細菌對lincomycin及azithromycin 2種藥物皆具敏感性，但對ciprofloxacin及imipenem則具抗藥性，本研究結果可做為台灣豢養白鯨及企鵝臨床診療與公共衛生疾病防疫的參考資料。

關鍵字

白鯨 ； 企鵝 ； 細菌分離鑑定 ； 藥物感受性試驗

並列摘要

In this study, microbiological isolation and identification was conducted to monitor the physical status and investigate related diseases in beluga whales and penguins domesticated in National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium from May 2008 to October 2010. A total of 110 swabs were collected from the oral wound, throat, thyroid, sputum, fumarole, reproductive cavity and anus of 8 beluga whales and also from the oral cavity and cloacae of 46 penguins. Bacterial strains were isolated on blood agar and MacConkey agar and then initially identified using colony morphology, Gram’s stain, oxidase test, catalase test and oxidation-fermentation test. API bacterial identification system was used to further verify the bacterial strains in the samples. As a result, a total of 35 strains were identified in beluga whales. The order of most frequently identified strain isolated from the fumarole of beluga whales was Shewanella putrefaciens（16%, 7/42）, Aeromonas hydrophila（10％, 4/42）and Morganella morganii（10％, 4/42）while in the beluga whale anus Escherichia coli（33％, 20/60）was accounted as the most isolated strain, followed by Proteus mirabilis（17%, 10/60）and Vibrio parahaemolyticus（7％, 4/60）. After the event of Typhoon Fanapi 2009, the important point to note is that Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was isolated from the thyroid gland in one of the 2 sudden death cases of beluga whale as Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter cloacae and Providencia alcalifaciens were isolated from the throat of the departed beluga whale. Also, from oral cavities of penguins 22 different bacterial strains were successfully isolated, in which Kocuria kristicae accounted for the most（22％, 8/37）, followed by Micrococcus spp.（14％, 5/37）and Staphylococcus sciuri（11％, 4/37）. The cloacae penguin identification showed that Kocuria rosea（19％, 3/16）and Staphylococcus sciuri（13%, 2/16） were present most often. The antimicrobial susceptibility data displayed that all strains isolated from beluga whales were susceptible to amikacin and imipenem 2 whereas resistant to lincomycin and azithromycin. On the other hand, all strains isolated from the penguin were sensitive to lincomycin and azithromycin 2 but resistant to ciprofloxacin and imipenem. The results in the current study provide essential information on clinical diagnosis and disease prevention for domesticated beluga whales and penguins in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

beluga whale ； penguin ； bacterial isolation and identification ； antimicrobial susceptibility

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