抽穗時割葉處理對香蕉果實發育及採後品質與1-MCP處理對香蕉後熟及品質之影響

Effect of Leaf Removal at Shooting on Fruit Development and Postharvest Quality and Effect of the 1-MCP Treatment on Ripening and Quality of Banana Fruit.

黃鈺軒(Yu-Xuan Huang)

指導教授 ： 柯立祥

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/農園生產系所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2011.00261

摘要

本研究主要針對白皮春蕉及花龍蕉抽穗後，植株保留不同葉片數(人為割葉處理)，在抽穗時具不同葉片數之果實，探討具不同葉片之植株對果實生長發育、產量及採後貯藏壽命與品質之影響，以作為香蕉抽穗時適當葉片數管理之依據。並探討香蕉採收後利用1-MCP處理對香蕉後熟反應之影響，瞭解1-MCP處理香蕉之最適處理模式，諸如處理時間、處理濃度及處理溫度等等，以及不同品種(北蕉及寶島蕉)間是否具有差異。結果顯示，‘白皮春蕉’及‘花龍蕉’之兩季節蕉，果實生長發育期間果指長、果指寬及果指周長之生長變化趨近直線生長。兩季節蕉抽穗後割葉處理，採收後香蕉呼吸率與乙烯產生率均隨貯藏溫度升高而增加，為典型更年性果實。割葉後保留葉片數越少，呼吸峰及乙烯高峰出現的時間越早，乙烯出現更年高峰之時間較呼吸更年高峰出現時間，約早一天。割葉後保留葉片數越少，香蕉經乙烯催熟後，果實轉色速率、櫥架壽命及轉色至生理斑點出現之時間越短，且轉色溫度越高，轉色越快，生理斑點(7級)越早出現。‘花龍蕉’ 抽穗後割葉處理，割葉後留有2片葉片之香蕉，較留4-12片葉片之香蕉，有顯著較長的抽穗至採收發育日數。割葉後留有2片葉片之花龍蕉，較留6-12片葉片之香蕉，有顯著低的單株產量。1-MCP處理香蕉雖延緩香蕉轉色，但較高濃度亦會造成乙烯催熟後無法完全褪綠或腐爛現象；隨著處理時間的增加，香蕉果實之貯藏壽命亦隨之增加；處理溫度為25及10 ℃時，雖可顯著稱加綠熟壽命，但少數果實轉色後果皮呈褐色，導致外觀不良。故1-MCP處理香蕉之最適處理模式，以處理濃度500 nl l-1 /處理時間12 h/處理溫度20 ℃為最佳。

關鍵字

香蕉、割葉處理、產量、1-甲基環丙烯、品質

並列摘要

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different ‘Bai-Pi-Chun-Chiao’ and ‘Hun- Long-Chiao’ banana leaf numbers on fruit growth and different leaf numbers of shooting, to confer that the effect of different banana leaf numbers on growth quantity, storage life, quality after harvest and control banana fruit procreation. By the way, study the effect of postharvest ripening banana treatments by 1-MCP application. Moreover, to find out the best treatments of period time, concentration and temperature of 1-MCP in banana fruit including the difference of cultivars (‘Pei-Chiao’ and ‘Formosana’). The variations of fruit-length, fruit-width and fruit-circumference of ‘Bai-Pi-Chun-Chiao’ and ‘Hun- Long-Chiao’ cultivars were had trend to a logarithmic linear growth. The respiration and ethylene production rate of both cultivars in the leaf removal treatment after shooting were increased when storage temperature increases. Fruit tree after defoliation, the highest peaks of respiration and ethylene production were occurred in early stages, the ethylene peak appeared after one day that was earlier than the peak of respiration production. Banana after ripening by using ethylene treatment, the temperature of fruit-coloration rate turned to yellow-fleck with brown (7 grade) was faster than the time periods. Leaf removal after shooting of ‘Hun- Long-Chiao’ cultivar, two leaves removal treatment was extended harvest time more than four-twelve leaves removal treatments. The bunch weight of two leaves removal treatment was lower than the six-twelve leaves removal treatments. Although use of 1-MCP application was maintained degreening of fruit but a high concentration was also effected in banana fruit which cannot be degreening and deterioration. The shelf life of the fruit was prolonged by 1-MCP applications. However, the fruit exposed with 1-MCP at 25 and 10 ℃were maintained the degreening but a few peel color changed into brown. The applications of 500 nl l-1 1-MCP for 12 hours at 20℃ are appropriate method for maintain the quality and shelf life of banana fruit.

並列關鍵字

banana ； leaf removal treatment ； 1-methylcyclopropene, 1-MCP

參考文獻

王兆全、載邦本、陳慶三 (1971) 春蕉冬蕉留果手數與留葉片數對產量及品質之影響。中國園藝 17: 104-108。

王德男 (1972) 包裝方法及貯藏溫度對於木瓜果實更年期上昇抑制效果之研究。中國園藝 18: 86-93。

朱慶國、陳農哲 (1971) 不同時期萌芽香蕉生育及產量之研究。中國園藝 17: 77-88。

柯立祥 (1979) 臺灣香蕉催熟方法之研究。中國園藝 25: 129-139。

柯立祥、柯定芳 (1980b) 香蕉催熟之研究 (1) 成熟度對香蕉催熟時轉色黃化及櫥架壽命之影響。中國園藝 26: 155-160。