水洗焚化飛灰作為低碳節能產品之再利用研究

Washing MSWI Fly Ash for Recycling as the Low-carbon and Energy Conservation Products

陳怡安(Yi-An Chen)

指導教授 ： 黃武章

國立屏東科技大學/工學院/環境工程與科學系所/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2013.00282

摘要

隨著社會經濟成長、都市人口集中與生活水準提升，造成垃圾量急速增加，將垃圾中之可燃物質焚化後，使其體積減為原有十分之一左右，飛灰穩定化後送至衛生掩埋場暫置，另底渣則進行再利用委託處理，而且燃燒過程中並採用廢熱鍋爐設備，將垃圾燃燒所產生之熱能以汽電共生方式，推動渦輪發電機發電，達到資源再回收利用的成效，並使垃圾達到減量化、安定化。

焚化處理技術已成為臺灣之主要方式，並會有大量飛灰、底渣產生，臺灣之飛灰一天就有400噸之產量，但基於臺灣地窄人稠，又以固化後掩埋作為中間處理，因此顯現出焚化廠之固化設備不足且空間上已越來越不足。焚化飛灰中含有大量的氧化鈣，而且吸附性強、粒徑小且比表面積大等特性，利用此特性，將飛灰重新包裝，並且改變傳統對於飛灰處理之刻板思想。本研究垃圾焚化飛灰進行水洗處理後，作為低碳節能之再利用產品，探討水洗後之飛灰再利用之特性及吸附分析，同時亦探討經處理後之水洗液中鹽類、重金屬、鈣與氯成分之處理回收及迴流水可行性。

由研究結果發現，飛灰中之鹽類、重金屬、鈣與氯等物質，會因水洗液多次水洗後降低，而水洗液經過所有程序處理後，水洗液之迴流水卻實可以達到廢水零排出之效果。水洗後之飛灰發現可當作生垃圾之去氯劑。水洗後之飛灰製備高分子抗導電薄膜則以35~45wt%為最佳添加量，其平均電阻約為6,0000 Ω‧cm，由此可知其可作為抗靜電之進行回收再利用。

關鍵字: 水洗、飛灰、去氯劑、導電薄膜

關鍵字

水洗 ； 飛灰 ； 去氯劑 ； 導電薄膜

並列摘要

The increase in social and economic growth has allowed urban populations to become concentrated, thus there is a need to enhance the living standards for citizens. The increase in urban population growth has caused an increase in the amount of municipal solid waste (MSW). To treat MSW by incineration has allowed its volume to be reduced. Fly ash is stabilized temporarily and set to the sanitary landfill. Bottom ash is processed for reuse commission, whilst the combustion process is used as waste heat boiler equipment. The heat generated by the burning of MSW in cogeneration mode, drives a turbine generator to achieve effective utilization of resources, recycling, and to refuse to achieve reduction and stabilization.
Incineration technology has become more popular in Taiwan. Due to incineration technology, there is a high production of fly ash and bottom ash. Taiwan produces approximately 400 tons of bottom ash per day. These ash wastes need another intermediate treatment before final disposal or for recycling use. Therefore, the incineration plant shows insufficient curing equipment and space has become increasingly inadequate. Incinerator fly ash consists of large amounts of calcium oxide, high adsorption, small particle size, large surface area, and other characteristics. These features allow fly ash repackaging and changing the traditional stereotype ideas for fly ash handling. In this study, incineration ash was washed with water treatment, reuse of the product as a low carbon energy, and exploration of fly ash properties after washing and absorption analysis, also to explore the treated water to wash salts, heavy metals, calcium recycling, and treatment of chloride component, and determining the feasibility for water reuse.
The study found that the fly ash salts, heavy metals such as calcium and chlorine substances, were reduced due to water washing after repeated washings. The water washed through all procedures, but the original water wash achieved zero waste the effect of discharge. Fly ash reused after washing can be found as a de-chloride additive for original MSW. Preparation of polymeric antistatic films for washed fly ash, the optimal dosage was found to be 35 to 45wt% with a averaged resistance is about 6000 Ω˙cm, which can be seen as an antistatic material used for recycling.
Keyword: Washed、Fly ash、Dechloride additive、Antistatic films

並列關鍵字

Washed ； Fiy ash ； Dechloride additive ； Antistatic films

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