搖擺式三輪載貨電動機車之研究

Study of Swingable Electric Three-wheeled Cargo Motorcycle

詹紀為(Ji-Wei Jhan)

指導教授 ： 曾全佑 ； 余致賢

國立屏東科技大學/工學院/車輛工程系所/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2014.00305

摘要

本研究主要探討一種搖擺式三輪載貨機車之設計。該搖擺式三輪載貨電動機車是一種前車身可側傾但後車身不可側傾之前一輪後兩輪的電動車輛。前車身側傾之目的為抵抗整車過彎時因離心力產生的翻覆力矩。與一般不可側傾之三輪載貨車輛相較之下，該機車可利用前車身的側傾提高整車的抗翻能力，進而提高整車高速過彎的能力，因此同時保有二輪機車的靈活性和三輪車的穩定性之優勢。
本研究主要探討搖擺式三輪載貨電動機車之整車設計與分析方法，設計內容包括考量人因之整車配置設計、車架、底盤以及動力系統等。在分析方面，透過整車動態模型的建立，利用數學方程式和數值分析軟體模擬整車行駛時之動態行為，以便作為整車關鍵設計參數調校的重要依據。研究項目包括整車配置研究、動力系統規格設計、耦合器的機構設計、關鍵零組件的受力分析和元件選用、車身輔助裝置的設計、整車動態分析與模擬等，其中耦合器與車身輔助裝置的設計為本研究之重點。
在產學合作下，本研究已建立整車關鍵參數的設計方法並完成了一部搭載48V 4kW馬達與48V 40AH電瓶的樣品實車，透過實驗與模擬結果可說明: (1)整車的動力性能: 在全負載100kg行駛時，整車續航力為55 km且極速可達52 km/hr; 若無負載行駛時，爬坡能力為16度坡且續航力可達77 km。(2)前車身的側傾能夠提高整車過彎時的抗翻能力: 整車在過彎且未側傾時，臨界側向加速度僅為0.4g，但可藉由前車身的側傾將臨界側向加速度提升至0.7g。

關鍵字

可側傾三輪機車 ； 耦合機構 ； 車輛動態

並列摘要

An electric swingable three-wheeled cargo scooter (STWCS) is designed in this thesis. The configuration of the scooter is design with one front wheel and two rear wheels, in which the front body for passenger cabin is swingable while the rear part unswingable for cargo usage. During cornering, the front body can be tilted into the turn to compensate for the moment generated by centrifugal force for preventing body rollover. Thus high speed cornering ability of the scooter can be guaranteed.
The subsystems of the scooter can be categorized into frame, chassis, and power train. This study was started from vehicle level analysis and design, and then conducted component level as well as subsystem level designs. The works include power system specifications design, tilting coupler mechanism between the front and rear frames design, key components selection and analysis, tilting assistance mechanism of the cabin, and vehicle dynamics analyses and simulations.
This study has proposed some guidelines of key parameters design for the STWCS. Furthermore, a prototype of the STWCS powered by a 48V 4kW motor and a 48V 40AH Lithium-iron battery has been finished. Experimental and simulation results showed the following results: (1) the performance of the power system are: maximum speed 52 km/hr, gradeability 16 degree, drive range 55km for full load (100kg), and 77km for no load; (2) the lateral acceleration limit of the scooter for swingable cornering can achieve up to 0.7g while the unswingable cornering was only with 0.4g.

並列關鍵字

Swingable Three-Wheeled Scooter ； Coupler Mechanism ； Vehicle Dynamics

參考文獻

[8] ADIVA CARGO3 MOOSE web site:

[10] Christopher Ralph Van Den Brink, Puttershoek; Hendrik Marinus Kroonen, ZWijndrecht, 1998, TILTING VEHICLE, U.S. Patent No. 6328125B1.

[15] Dr J. Berote, Dr J. Darling and Prof. A. Plummer, 2011, “Development of a Tilt Control Method for a Narrow Track Three Wheeled Vehicle,” Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Bath.

[23] Johan J. H. Berote, 2010, “DYNAMICS AND CONTROL OF A TILTING THREE WHEELED VEHICLE,” degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Bath.

[24] J. Berote, J Darling, and A Plummer, 2011, “Development of a tilt control method for a narrow-track three-wheeled vehicle,” Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, UK.