番荔枝合理化施肥技術之研究

學號：P9722003 論文題目：番荔枝合理化施肥技術之研究總頁數:58頁學校名稱：國立屏東科技大學系(所)別：熱帶農業暨國際合作系畢業時間及摘要別：107學年度第2學期博士學位論文摘要研究生：張繼中指導教授:王鐘和博士王均琍博士論文摘要內容：番荔枝是臺東縣重要經濟果樹，生產面積約5,700公頃，農友在生產過程中常不合理地施用化學肥料。為了避免不合理地施用化肥並降低生產成本，政府努力推動合理化施肥。合理化施肥是藉由農業試驗改良場所提供土壤肥力分析及施肥推薦，協助農友合理地施用化肥，除此之外，也提供合理化施肥相關技術，協助農友減少化學肥料的使用，例如有機質肥料、微生物肥料、土壤改良資材的施用及種植綠肥等。本研究探討番荔枝接種菌根菌及施用化學肥料對番荔枝生長之影響，研究結果顯示接種菌根菌之番荔枝實生苗葉片磷含量菌根菌之番荔枝實生苗、地上部及地下部乾重顯著高於未接種之處理，而番荔枝果園之植株於接種菌根菌及施用有機質肥料後，其單果重亦顯著高於未接種處理，由研究結果顯示接種菌根菌及施肥有機質肥料可做為番荔枝合理化施肥技術，供農友參考採行。本研究亦探討施用溶磷菌及碳化柴魚粉對番荔枝生長之影響，研究結果顯示施用溶磷菌之土壤有效性磷及交換性鎂含量、番荔枝葉片磷及鎂含量及單果重較未施用溶磷菌之處理高，因此施用溶磷菌亦可做為番荔枝合理化施肥技術，供農友參考採行；而施用碳化柴魚粉後之葉片磷、鈣、鎂、鋅、鐵含量及單果重均高於未施肥之處理組。雖然施用溶磷菌或碳化柴魚粉之各項分析與未施用之對照組無顯著差異，但可節省1/3化學肥料用量，顯示施用溶磷菌及碳化柴魚粉亦可做為番荔枝合理化施肥技術，供農友參考採行。此外，臺灣果樹生產常遭受天然災害之危害，例如2009年8月8日的莫拉克颱風導致300公頃之番荔枝果園流失，復耕之番荔枝果園呈現有機質含量極低、營養元素缺乏之情形，因此本研究探討施用化學肥料及有機質肥料對於復耕番荔枝果園植株之影響，研究結果顯示施用有機質肥料10公斤/株及氮、磷酐、氧化鉀含量為20%-5%-10%之複合肥料3公斤/株/年，有最好的表現，單株產量顯著高於只施用化學肥料之對照組，顯示合理的施用有機質肥料及化學肥料可提升土壤有機質含量及促進番荔枝生長。關鍵字:番荔枝、合理化施肥、有機質肥料、溶磷菌、菌根真菌

關鍵字

番荔枝；合理化施肥；有機質肥料；溶磷菌；菌根真菌

並列摘要

Student ID: P9722003 Title of Dissertation: The study of rational fertilization technique of sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) Total page: 58 pages Name of Institute: Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology Graduate Date: June 20, 2019 Degree Conferred:Doctoral Degree Name of Student: Chang, Chi-Chung Advisors: Chong-Ho Wang, Ph.D. Chun-Li Wang, Ph.D. The Contents of Abstract in This Dissertation: Sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) is the major fruit crop and the planted area is about 5,700 ha. at Taitung County in Taiwan. At Taitung county, farmers usually applied much fertilizers during the culture of sugar apple. To prevent luxury consumption of fertilization and decline the cost of farmers’ fertilizing cost, the government promotes the rational fertilization. Simple definition of rational fertilization is to decline the chemical fertilizer application by soil and plant nutrient diagnostic analysis and fertilizer recommendation provided by agricultural research and extension station. Besides the method mentioned above, there are related coordinate method of rational fertilization, included the utilization of organic fertilizer, green manure, soil amendment and biofertilizer. In this study, the influence of sugar apple after inoculated with Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), application of organic fertilizer were discussed. The result showed that phosphorus content of sugar apple seedling inoculated with AMF was higher than non-inoculated one. Shoot and root weights of sugar apple seedling inoculated with AMF after application of chemical fertilizer were significantly higher than non-inoculated ones. The fruit weight of AMF+OF was significantly different to the control treatment. The utilization of AMF and organic fertilizer can be the related methods of rational fertilization on the culture of sugar apple. The objective of this study was also to investigate the influences of PSB and carbonized dried mackerel waste (CDMW) on nutrient uptake and fruit yield of sugar apple. The results showed that PSB application may have potential to increase soil P and Mg availability, leaf P and Mg content, fruit weight of the sugar apple plant and save 1/3 chemical P fertilizer and be beneficial for sugar apple fertilizer management. According to the result of plant nutrient element analysis, the leaf P, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Fe concentration may be increased by the application of CDMW. Although the fruit weight of CDMW treatment was no significantly different with control, the usage of chemical phosphorus fertilizer was saved by 33%. CDMW may have potential to be the soil amendment material for soil fertilization management. However, fruit production is often damaged by natural disaster in Taiwan, such as typhoon. Typhoon Morakot (international code: 0908), happened on August 8th, 2009, severely damaged near 300 ha of sugar apple orchards in Taitung County, Taiwan. Most of the flooded lands were alluvial soils and river bed soils. The soils were severely lack of organic matter, nutrients, and beneficial microbial. The objective of this study was to investigate the influences of organic and chemical fertilizer on soil and plant nutrient and plant growth of flooded sugar apple orchard. Results suggest that organic fertilizer at 10 kg per plant per year and chemical compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=20%:5%:10%) at 3 kg per plant per year were the optimal combination, under which soil nutrient and plant growth were greatly improved in the flooded sugar apple orchard. Key words: sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.), rational fertilization, organic fertilizer, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi