飼糧中添加複合型酵素對豬隻生長成績、營養代謝、產熱量及溫室效應氣體排放之影響

Effects of enzyme complex supplements on growth performance, nutrient metabolism, heat production, and greenhouse gas emissions in pigs

邱鈺觀(Chiu Yu-Kuan)

指導教授 ： 劉世華 ； 夏良宙

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/動物科學與畜產系所/碩士(2018年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/THE.NPUST.AS.012.2018.D06

摘要

本研究目的在探討在飼糧中添加複合型酵素對豬隻生長性能、營養代謝、產熱量及溫室效應氣體排放之影響。此研究主要分成二個試驗，每一試驗皆會進行生長、營養代謝、產熱量及溫室效應氣體排放之實驗。試驗一為比較不同複合型酵素對豬隻之影響。生長實驗採用平均體重17.61公斤之LYD保育豬32頭，依體重逢機分配至4個處理，包括對照組、複合型酵素A（0.075%）、B（0.1%）及C（0.1%）。每組4重複，每重複2頭豬，任食任飲，為期4週，實驗期間紀錄豬隻初重、週增重、日攝食量，週飼料效率、下痢次數和下痢隻數。代謝實驗於各組選4隻體重相似豬隻進行，其平均體重50.54公斤，限食任飲，為期4週（3週適應期及1週總糞尿收集期）。實驗期間記錄豬隻每日攝食量，並在總糞尿收集期時每6小時收集糞便及尿液一次，記錄糞尿重，分析糞尿成分換算豬隻消化率及代謝率。產熱實驗，另以12頭平均體重63.88公斤女豬進行，每處理3重複，限食任飲，於熱計室內測量24小時豬隻產熱量及CO2與N2O之排放量。試驗二為比較不同劑量之複合型酵素B對豬隻之影響。生長實驗採用平均體重10.64公斤LYD離乳仔豬24頭，依體重逢機分配至3個處理，包括對照組、添加0.1%及0.2%複合型酵素B，每處理8重複，限食任飲，試驗為期6週，流程同試驗一。代謝實驗於各處理組選取體重相似豬隻5頭進行，平均體重63.08公斤，流程同試驗一。另於各處理選4隻平均體重41.63公斤之豬隻進行產熱實驗，流程同試驗一。

試驗一結果顯示，酵素B及C組在第二週時比對照組有較高攝食量（P<0.05），且酵素B組在全期時亦有較高攝食量之趨勢，此外酵素B及C組豬隻在第二週時亦有較佳之週增重。酵素A及C組在全期時有較佳飼料效率之趨勢。酵素B及C組豬隻在全期時之下痢情形有較高之趨勢。酵素A組有較佳之銅及鋅消化率之趨勢，酵素B組則有較佳之能量、磷、銅、鐵和鎂消化率之趨勢，酵素C組亦有較高之磷、鈉和鎂消化率之趨勢。酵素A、B及C組皆有較高之產熱量，並有降低CO2及N2O排放量之趨勢。綜合試驗一結果，酵素B效果最佳，其次為酵素C，酵素A效果則較不明顯。

試驗二結果顯示，在攝食量相同情況下（限食），添加0.1%及0.2%酵素B組能有較佳週增重之趨勢，並在前期1-2週時有較高之週增重（P<0.05）。添加0.1%及0.2%酵素組在全期時亦有較佳之飼料效率（P<0.05）。添加0.1%酵素B組雖在第一週時有較多下痢之趨勢，但以全期觀之則是有較低下痢之發生率。此外添加0.1%或0.2%酵素組在趨勢上能提升蛋白質、能量、乾物質、灰份及礦物質之消化及代謝率。添加0.1%或0.2%酵素B組之豬隻有較高之產熱量（P<0.05）及較低CO2之排放（P<0.05）。

綜合上述，添加複合型酵素可改善豬隻生長性能及營養代謝率，其中又以添加0.1%酵素B其效果最佳，且酵素能提升營養物之分解及吸收，使豬隻產熱量提高，並可能降低溫室效應氣體（CO2及N2O）之排放。

關鍵字

複合型酵素 ； 生長性能 ； 溫室效應氣體 ； 產熱量 ； 營養代謝 ； 豬

並列摘要

The objectives of this study was to determine the effects of enzyme complex supplementation on growth performance, nutrient metabolism, heat production and greenhouse gas emissions of pigs. This study was divided into two trials, each of trial had experiment of growth performance, nutrient metabolism, heat production, and greenhouse gas emissions. Trial 1 determined the effect of different complex enzymes on pigs. The growth performance experiment used thirty-two LYD nursery pigs with an average body weight of 17.61 kg were randomLy allocated into four treatments according to respective body weight. There were 4 replications in each treatment and had 2 pigs in each replication. The feed formulations were control, enzyme complex A (0.075%), B (0.1%) and C (0.1%). Ad libitum feeding and drinking water were provided to the pigs and the duration of the study was 4 weeks. Initial body weight, weekly body weight gain, daily feed intake, feed efficiency, diarrhea times and diarrhea pig numbers were recorded. The metabolic experiment used sixteen LYD pigs with an average body weight of 50.54 kg. There were 4 replications in each
gain in the second week. Enzymes A and C treatment tended to have better feed efficiency during the whole period. Enzyme B and C treatment tended to have higher diarrhea number the whole period. Enzyme A treatment tended to have higher digestibility of copper and zinc. Enzyme B treatment tended to have higher energy, P, Cu, Fe and Mg digestibility, and the enzyme C treatment also had higher P, Na and Mg digestion. Enzymes A, B and C treatment had higher heat production and tended to reduce CO2 and N2O emissions. To summarize the result of experiment, the effect of enzyme B is the best, followed by enzyme C, and the effect of enzyme A is less obvious.

In Experiment 2, the results show that in the same amount of feed intake (restrict feeding), the 0.1% and 0.2% enzyme B treatment tended to have higher weekly weight gain and had higher weekly gain in 1-2 week (P<0.05). 0.1% and 0.2% enzyme B treatment also had better feed efficiency in 1-6 week (P<0.05). Although the 0.1% enzyme B treatment tended to have higher diarrhea number in the first week, 0.1% enzyme B treatment had lower diarrhea number in the whole period. In addition, 0.1% and 0.2% enzyme B treatment increased the digestion and metabolic rate of protein, energy, dry matter, ash and minerals. 0.1% and 0.2% enzyme B treatment had higher heat production (P<0.05) and lower CO2 emission (P<0.05).

To summarize the result as stated above, addition of enzymes complex could improve the growth performance and nutrient metabolism rate of pigs, especially addition of 0.1% enzyme B. The enzyme complex could increase heat production of pigs and reduce emissions of greenhouse gases (CO2 and N2O).

並列關鍵字

Enzyme complex ； Growth performance ； Greenhouse gas ； Heat production ； Nutrient metabolism ； Pig

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