玉山國家公園水鹿啃食紅檜樹皮與角週期之相關性

The effect of antler cycle on bark-stripping behavior of Formosan sambar (Rusa unicolor swinhoii) to Taiwan red cypress (Chamaecyparis formosensis) in Yushan National Park area

楊硯涵(Yang Yen-Han)

指導教授 ： 翁國精

國立屏東科技大學/獸醫學院/野生動物保育研究所/碩士(2019年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST202000058

摘要

動物對營養的需求會依其生活史階段而改變，例如公鹿由茸角轉硬角時對鈣質的需求增加，可能造成其取食內容的改變。本研究欲了解玉山國家公園楠溪林道各性別或不同生活史階段水鹿對紅檜(Chamaecyparis formosensis)樹皮的啃食程度(單位豐度啃食頻度)是否有差異，並分析水鹿移動行為與啃食頻度波動之相關性。本研究延續2014年開始之楠溪林道紅檜樣樹啃食調查，持續監測水鹿在楠溪林道啃食紅檜樹皮的狀況，並架設自動照相機拍攝水鹿啃食樹皮影像、估算水鹿族群量、分析水鹿移動行為，另選擇鄰近較高海拔石水山樣區架設相機，記錄水鹿族群波動。結果顯示僅茸角期公鹿數量與每月啃食頻度呈現高度正相關(r = 0.644、P < 0.001)。2017-2018年相機所拍攝到的啃食樹皮個體有65%為茸角期公鹿，且茸角公鹿的單位豐度啃食頻度平均值(0.93)高於母鹿(0.1)及硬角公鹿(0.04)。除了2014年，2015-2017年一尖加二尖茸角公鹿最大個體數皆大於硬角最大個體數。此結果顯示楠溪林道一尖及二尖公鹿在茸角轉換成硬角之後，可能因對樹皮啃食需求下降而離開楠溪林道。惟三尖個體在硬角期才有較多個體數出現在楠溪林道樣區，此現象值得未來進一步研究。本研究推測楠溪林道紅檜被啃食頻度之波動極可能與茸角期公鹿的營養需求、隨角週期而移動之現象有關。

關鍵字

啃食樹皮 ； 茸角期 ； 水鹿單位豐度啃食頻度 ； 移動

並列摘要

Nutrition requirement of animals changes with their life stages. For example, the increase in requirements for calcium by male deer during the antler development may cause changes in their feedings. The purpose of the study is to understand whether the level of bark-stripping on Taiwan red cypress (Chamaecyparis formosensis) (debarking frequency per unit abundance) by Formosan sambar(Rusa unicolor swinhoii) differ among sexes and life history stages in Nanshi Forest Road, Yushan National Park, and to analyze correlations between bark-stripping behavior and seasonal movement of sambars. This study continued the monitoring of the debarking frequency of Taiwan red cypress at Nanshi Forest Road that had begun in 2014, captured the bark-stripping behavior of sambar using camera traps, and estimated the abundance of sambar. To understand the seasonal movement and population fluctuation of sambar, we also set up camera traps in Shishuishan which located at higher altitudes. Results show that debarking frequency and number velvet males were significantly, positively correlated (r = 0.644、P < 0.001). Sixty-five percent of debarking individuals captured by cameras were velvet males in 2017-2018. Also, debarking frequency per unit abundance of velvet males(mean=0.93) is higher than females(mean=0.1) and hard antler males(mean=0.04). From 2015 to 2017, the maximum number of velvet males (1-pointers plus 2-pointers) was greater than that of hard antler males (1-pointers plus 2-pointers), meaning that males(1-pointers and 2-pointers) likely leave Nanshi Forest Road after shedding their velvets, probably due to the decline in requirements for barks. However, most 3-pointers appeared in the study area when they possessed hard antlers, which requires further studies. This study shows that the fluctuation of debarking frequency to Taiwan red cypress in Nanshi Forest Road likely correlates with nutrient requirement of velvet male sambars and their movements that coincide with antler cycles.

並列關鍵字

bark-stripping ； velvet ； debarking frequency per unit abundance ； movement

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