利用非離子型界面活性劑PetrosolvTM移除DNAPLs油品

界面活性劑淋洗技術（Surfactant Enhanced Aquifer Remediation , SEAR）廣泛使用於現場整治重質非水相液體（Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids, DNAPLs）污染之飽和含水層，此技術亦受界面活性劑種類、濃度、地質情況而影響其移除效果，且整治後易產生界面活性劑殘留於土壤中之環境問題。本研究先以相行為試驗探討三種界面活性劑Triton X-100 （TX-100）、溴化十六烷基三甲銨（Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide , CTAB）、PetrosolvTM對塔底油之移除機制，進而挑選最佳之界面活性劑進行土壤批次淋洗試驗，評估淋洗時間對塔底油之影響，最後利用土壤管柱試驗模擬界面活性劑進入飽和含水層之情形，並採用與現場模場使用地下水及界面活性劑交互搭配灌注之方式進行驗證比對，以評估經濟效益及減少界面活性劑殘留於土壤中之可行性。根據相行為結果顯示，TX-100以溶解機制為主，能移除80%以上之塔底油；CTAB在塔底油污染濃度高時以移動機制為主，污染程度降至低污染濃度時則轉變為溶解機制，但皆會殘留部分塔底油，PetrosolvTM對於塔底油之移除效率最佳，在高塔底油污染濃度時以移動機制為主，低塔底油污染濃度時則為溶解機制為主，且幾乎能將所有塔底油移除，故以PetrosolvTM進行土壤批次試驗。將土壤批次淋洗試驗分別靜置12小時、24小時、72小時、168小時，根據結果顯示，添加PetrosolvTM可以提升塔底油之移除率，且隨著靜置時間提高及PetrosolvTM濃度增加，塔底油之移除率也會跟著上升（約增加24 ~ 34%）。根據管柱試驗之結果顯示，PetrosolvTM移除塔底油機制為移動機制，添加PetrosolvTM可以提升塔底油之移除效率（增加約33%），且使用地下水及界面活性劑相互搭配灌注可減少成本產生。

關鍵字

塔底油；界面活性劑淋洗； SEAR ； PetrosolvTM ；相行為；批次試驗；管柱試驗

並列摘要

Surfactant enhanced flushing technology (SEAR) is used in the remediation of aquifers contaminated by dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPL). SEAR can be affected by the type and concentration of surfactants and DNAPL, and the characteristics of aquifer soil. When the remediation is completed, the residual surfactants in aquifers could cause environmental problems. In this study, three surfactants (TX-100, CTAB and PetrosolvTM) are evaluated to remove the bottom oil in the aquifer under a petrochemical plant. At first, phase behavior study is conducted to investigate the interaction mechanisms of the bottom oil with the surfactants. The best type and dose of the surfactant obtained from the phase behavior study are applied in the soil batch flushing experiment to evaluate the influence of the contact time. Finally, a soil column study is performed to simulate the in situ surfactant flushing. The groundwater and surfactant was alternately injected to the soil column to evaluate the possibility of cost saving under acceptable flushing efficiency According to the phase behavior results, the bottom oil is mainly removed by TX-100 by the solubilization mechanism. TX-100 can dissolve more than 80% of the bottom oil. Mobilization is the main mechanism between CTAB and the bottom oil when the bottom oil concentration is high. The interaction turned to solubilization when the bottom oil level is low. However, some bottom oil are not dissolved or mobilized by CTAB. PetrosolvTM shows the best removal efficiency for the bottom oil. PetrosolvTM can remove almost all the bottom oil. The main interaction between PetrosolvTM and bottom oil is mobilization at high concentrations of bottom oil, and is solubilization for low concentrations of bottom oil. The tested contact times for batch soil flushing experiment are 12, 24, 72 and 168 hours. The results show that increasing the contact time can enhance bottom soil removal by PetrosolvTM. The soil column experiment results show that PetrosolvTM removes the bottom oil by the mobilizaton mechanism. The flushing efficiency of the bottom oil increases 33% by using groundwater- PetrosolvTM alternate flushing mode.

並列關鍵字

Bottom oil ； surfactant flushing ； SEAR ； PetrosolvTM ； phase behavior ； batch ； column

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