台灣本土無脊椎動物做為底泥毒性試驗物種之靈敏度探討

Sensitivity of Native Invertebrate Species Used in Sediment Toxicity Evaluations in Taiwan

楊智翔(Jhih-Siang Yang)

指導教授 ： 謝季吟

國立屏東科技大學/工學院/環境工程與科學系所/碩士(2018年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/THE.NPUST.ESE.044.2018.E02

摘要

論文摘要內容:

底泥為許多底棲生物棲息之場所，亦為溪流水體潛在污染來源。化學分析是確定污染情況最直接的手段，雖可確認所在微量的關切污染物，但無法提供關於污染物對生物體及生態系統的綜合性影響。因此，化學污染物所造成之生態效應可藉由代表性底棲物種群體之毒性效應來評估。

本研究選用五種台灣本土底棲無脊椎動物(Kiefferulus longilobus , Ptilohyale sp. , Chlamydotheca arcuate , Stenocypris major 及Cipangopaludina chinensis)暴露於參考毒物，由急毒性半致死濃度 (Lethal Concentration 50%, LC50)得知試驗生物之穩定性及靈敏度，評估試驗生物作為標準試驗生物之潛力，並建立其水體及底泥毒性試驗流程。本研究結果顯示，五種生物最適生存之溫度為25±2 o C，Kiefferulus longilobus適合之鹽度為30‰以下；Ptilohyale sp. 適合之鹽度為20‰以上。由底泥最佳條件試驗結果顯示，本研究生物Kiefferulus longilobus 、 Ptilohyale sp. 、 Chlamydotheca arcuate 及 Stenocypris major 皆適合底質偏砂質之底泥，而Cipangopaludina chinensis 則受底質種類之影響較不明顯。

物種暴露於參考毒物銅之LC50值由高至低分別為Kiefferulus longilobus 1280 μg / L、 Ptilohyale sp. 729 μg / L、 Chlamydotheca arcuate 635 μg / L 、Stenocypris major 464 μg / L 、Cipangopaludina chinensis 407μg / L。暴露於添加Cu底泥之試驗結果，其LC50值由高至低分別為Ptilohyale sp. 55.1 mg/kg 、Chlamydotheca arcuate 44.29 mg/kg 、Stenocypris major 29.97 mg/kg 、Cipangopaludina chinensis 29.59 mg/kg、 Kiefferulus longilobus 19.25 mg/kg。

本研究初步判定Kiefferulus longilobus 、Chlamydotheca arcuate 及Stenocypris major 為適合之底泥毒性試驗物種，未來需要進行這些生物不同生命週期各階段對不同種類之污染物之靈敏性。

關鍵字

底棲無脊椎動物 ； 重金屬 ； 生物底泥毒性試驗 ； 添加底泥

並列摘要

The contents of this abstract for this thesis:

Sediment not only provides habitat for benthic organisms, but is also a potential source of contamination of streams and therefore has a significant influence on the aquatic environment. Chemical analysis is the most direct means for determining pollution levels. Although chemical analysis can confirm whether even minute quantities of pollutants exist, it cannot provide comprehensive information on impacts to organisms and ecosystems. Therefore, the ecological effects of chemical contaminants was assessed by investigating their toxic effects on representative benthic invertebrates.

In this study, we evaluated the stability and sensitivity of five of Taiwan’s native benthic invertebrates (Kiefferulus longilobus, Ptilohyale sp., Chlamydotheca arcuate, Stenocypris major, and Cipangopaludina chinensis) exposed to reference toxicant copper. The acute lethal concentrations of 50% (LC50) of the five test organisms were then determined experimentally to evaluate the potential of these species to serve as toxicology test organisms. Meanwhile, water and sediment toxicity test procedures were established for a standardized protocol. The results of this study show that the optimum temperature for the five organisms is 25 ± 2 oC. The optimum salinity for Kiefferulus longilobus was below 30‰ and more than 20‰ for Ptilohyale sp. The results also indicated that the optimum sediment matrix was sandy for Kiefferulus longilobus, Ptilohyale sp., Chlamydotheca arcuate, and Stenocypris major, while Cipangopaludina chinensis was less affected by the type of sediment.

The toxicity of copper in water exposures showed that LC50 values, arranged from high to low, were Kiefferulus longilobus 1280 μg/L > Ptilohyale sp. 729 μg/L > Chlamydotheca arcuate 635 μg/L > Stenocypris major 464 μg/L > Cipangopaludina chinensis 407 μg/L. The toxicity of copper in spiked-sediment exposures had LC50 values in the order of Ptilohyale sp. 55.1 mg/kg > Chlamydotheca arcuate 44.29 mg/kg > Stenocypris major 29.97 mg/kg > Cipangopaludina chinensis 29.59 mg/kg > Kiefferulus longilobus 19.25 mg/kg.

The preliminary results obtained from this study conclude that Kiefferulus longilobus, Chlamydotheca arcuate, and Stenocypris major are suitable species for sediment toxicity testing. However, the varying sensitivities of different life cycle stages of these organisms needs further detailed evaluation.

Keywords : benthic invertebrates, metals, sediment biological toxicity test, spiked sediment

並列關鍵字

metals ； spiked sediment ； benthic invertebrates ； sediment biological toxicity test

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